浮动提升式燃气阀启闭动态特性研究

高温燃气阀是固体飞行器姿轨控动力系统的重要控制装置。基于国内外燃气阀的研究,引入了静摩擦力和库伦摩擦力模型,设计一种浮动提升式燃气阀,采用动网格和UDF技术建立了燃气阀启闭过程中二维瞬态数值模型。计算结果表明,与普通喷管相比,该燃气阀内的流场不均匀性增加,阀门启闭过程中燃气阀及喷管内的流场变化是相近的,分析了在阀门启闭过程中不同开度下阀门流场内的亚音速回流区、流动分离以及激波分布情况,真实有效地模拟了燃气阀的启闭动态特性。仿真结果表明,该燃气阀结构合理,且可行性高。     

SGCMG系统的力矩指令调节及动态分配操纵方法

针对邻近奇异框架构型时解算低速框架角速度指令过大乃至饱和问题,开展了指令幅值抑制的控制力矩陀螺操纵方法研究。首先提出了力矩分配动态调整策略,设计以控制力矩陀螺历史指令信息为输入的权重系数自主调整律;然后重新定义了考虑权重分配的系统奇异度量,给出了一种综合力矩动态分配策略、零运动奇异规避与指令力矩随奇异度量相应调节手段的控制力矩陀螺操纵律,以抑制控制力矩陀螺低速框架指令幅值过大并提升系统奇异规避能力。最后所提出方法的有效性通过了姿态快速机动数学仿真校验。     

On the ability of sliding mode and LQR controllers optimized with PSO in attitude control of a flexible 4-DOF satellite with time-varying payload

Precise pointing of the satellite and its payload is essential in the accurate accomplishment of a space mission. In this study, the system of a satellite and its payload are considered as 4-DOF equations of motion. The time-varying payload can observe one direction of the Earth independently, and the satellite can point to the Earth station by its 3-DOF motions simultaneously. Sliding mode and LQR controllers are designed for damping disturbances, and consequently high pointing accuracy. Environmental disturbances and the associated time delay of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are applied to the system. An algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to find the optimum values of variables and Normalized Integral Square Error (NISE) of the two aforementioned controllers. Numerical simulations indicate the optimized magnitudes of target detection errors and control efforts in four directions. The results revealed that PSO-SMC can finely track the time-varying payload and has better efficiency in comparison with PSO-LQR.     

多约束下的导弹螺旋机动制导控制一体化设计

针对导弹在俯冲机动突防飞行过程中攻角及落地弹道倾角受到约束的问题,基于自抗扰控制(ADRC)及反步滑模控制(SMC),提出一种多约束条件下的导弹螺旋机动制导控制一体化设计方法。首先,基于典型的螺旋机动突防弹道,同时考虑纵向平面指定落角约束,分通道进行制导控制一体化数学模型推导。然后,使用反步滑模控制进行制导控制一体化算法设计,通过设计补偿器对反步法的中间控制量进行修正实现对攻角的约束,针对系统的有界不确定性以及未知干扰,采用干扰观测器进行估计与补偿,提高系统的鲁棒性。最终使用Lyapunov理论证明了系统稳定。仿真结果表明,本文方法具有较强的鲁棒性,能够保证飞行器在满足攻角约束的条件下,按照典型螺旋机动弹道对目标进行大落角高精度打击。     

北斗导航卫星姿态与轨道控制技术发展与贡献

通过总结北斗一号卫星到北斗三号卫星的发展过程，梳理了北斗导航卫星姿态与轨道控制技术的发展变化，以及在引领卫星姿轨控技术进步和星载器部件自主可控方面取得的成就.同时，根据下一代北斗卫星导航系统的论证需求，分析给出了未来导航卫星姿轨控系统需要关注与研究的关键技术.     

具有SGCMG系统的挠性卫星姿态机动控制及验证

针对挠性卫星在轨姿态快速机动的需求，开展了星体姿态机动控制方法及控制实现研究。基于建立的挠性卫星姿态跟踪控制误差方程，给出了PD控制与补偿控制相结合的姿态跟踪控制器形式；考虑系统实现的时延影响，利用经典频率分析方法选择了兼顾系统稳定性及宽带控制的控制参数；在控制具体实现中，采用一种新型的基于力矩矢量调节奇异规避操纵策略，克服常规鲁棒奇异规避操纵存在的框架“锁死”现象，在解决奇异规避的同时避免激发挠性振动。所提出方法的有效性通过了在轨验证。     

Guaranteed performance based adaptive attitude tracking of spacecraft with control constraints

The guaranteed performance control problem of spacecraft attitude tracking with control constraint, disturbance and time-varying inertia parameters is investigated. A new saturation function is designed to satisfy different magnitude constraints by introducing a piecewise smooth asymmetric Gauss error function. Based on the mean-value theorem, the constrained problem is transformed into an unconstrained control design subject to an unknown bounded coefficient matrix. To satisfy the constraints by performance functions, a tracking error constrained control is developed based on a hyperbolic arc-tangent asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). In the backstepping framework, an adaptive robust control law is proposed by employing a smooth robust term simultaneously counteracting the parametric and non-parametric uncertainties, where the unknown coefficient matrix resulting from the control constraint is compensated by a Nussbaum function matrix. Rigorous stability analysis indicates that the proposed control law realizes the asymptotically tracking of spacecraft attitude and that the tracking error remains in a prescribed set which implies the achievement of the guaranteed transient performance. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical results.     

卫星单元肼推进系统轨控过程不确定性研究

以卫星单元肼推进系统轨控过程为研究对象，利用数值模拟手段研究了轨控过程中推进系统贮箱压力、贮箱温度、轨控时长等参数对轨控效果的定量影响，考察了在轨标定推力系数对于轨控模型的修正效果。选取某近地卫星对其轨道控制历史数据进行分析，通过在轨实测数据对轨控模型进行了验证。结果表明，采用在轨标定推力修正系数能够有效地降低轨道控制模型的平均误差，平均误差值从3.615%减至1.924%；通过参数敏感性分析，得出贮箱温度的总体影响不超过0.2%，贮箱压力的总体影响不超过5%。通过对点火时长的影响分析发现，在不同的贮箱压力下，存在一个特定的临界点火时长；轨控时长低于临界点火时长时，贮箱压力的变化将不会被压力传感器识别。针对某低轨卫星，寿命初期箱压1.8MPa时，临界点火时长为8.5秒；寿命末期0.5Mpa时，临界点火时长为319.8秒。     

基于浸入与不变理论的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制

针对惯性参数不确定的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题，基于浸入与不变（I&I）方法设计出了一种新的姿态跟踪控制器。研究结果表明，传统的浸入与不变方法运用到姿态跟踪模型，存在参数回归矩阵不可积进而导致偏微分方程无解析解的问题。针对该问题，提出了一种对回归矩阵改造使其满足可积条件的方法，通过动态放缩技术消除了回归矩阵改造前后的差异对闭环系统稳定性的影响，设计出了一种新的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制器。通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相对于已有的基于动态放缩法的浸入与不变控制器，设计了一种全新的缩放因子，使得控制器的执行不需要缩放因子的信息，并且也不需要惯量矩阵的先验信息。最后，仿真对比实验进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

Robust fault-tolerant attitude control for satellite with multiple uncertainties and actuator faults

In this paper, the satellite attitude control system subject to parametric perturbations, external disturbances, time-varying input delays, actuator faults and saturation is studied. In order to make the controller architecture simple and practical, the closed-loop system is transformed into a disturbance-free nominal system and an equivalent disturbance firstly. The equivalent disturbance represents all above uncertainties and actuator failures of the original system. Then a robust controller is proposed in a simple composition consisting of a nominal controller and a robust compensator. The nominal controller is designed for the transformed nominal system. The robust compensator is developed from a second-order filter to restrict the influence of the equivalent disturbance. Stability analysis indicates that both attitude tracking errors and compensator states can converge into the given neighborhood of the origin in finite time. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control law, numerical simulations are carried out in different cases. Presented results demonstrate that the high-precision attitude tracking control can be achieved by the proposed fault-tolerant control law. Furthermore, multiple system performances including the control accuracy and energy consumption index are fully discussed under a series of compensator parameters.