复合材料结构健康监测技术在飞机中的应用

结构健康监测(SHM)实现了工程结构设计与使用上的技术性跨越.将SHM应用于复合材料中,使得智能结构的设计与制造成为了现实.文章重点阐述了飞机复合材料结构SHM技术所面临的技术问题.SHM使飞机复合材料结构得视情维修以及降低其使用周期内成本成为可能,可以促使复合材料结构设计与制造的优化,最后指出了为实现复合材料SHMS所需要重点研究的理论与技术.     

Relativistic proton production at the Sun in the 20 January 2005 solar event

Based on the concept of multiple acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEP) we analyzed the super-event of 20 January 2005 by the data of ground level, balloon and spacecraft observations. The main characteristics of relativistic solar protons (energy spectra, anisotropy directions and pitch-angle distributions) are derived and their dynamics during the event is studied. It is shown that the flux of relativistic solar protons may consist of two distinct components, the so-called prompt and delayed ones. Within a two-source model of particle generation, one of which is associated with an expanding magnetic loop, we solved the transport equation in energy phase space, including adiabatic losses simultaneously with the stochastic acceleration process, and calculate the expected spectra of the delayed component at the source. The confrontation of experimental spectra with theoretical ones shows that the delayed component may be correctly described by stochastic acceleration, but not the prompt component. The required acceleration efficiencies turned out to be rather high, so that, for this particular event, adiabatic cooling is practically negligible. Our results provide a new support to the existence of two populations of relativistic solar protons in some SEP events.     

在大面积柔性基底上制备空间应用薄膜研究

简明讨论了在大面积柔性高聚合物基底材料上制备空间应用薄膜的特点与要求,并对研制的大面积自动连续镀膜设备的结构与性能作了简介;比较深入地探讨了大面积柔性基底材料连续镀膜中对磁控靶和等离子体辉光放电场的要求与作用;介绍了柔性导电型第二表面镜的研制技术、性能与评价方法及结果。     

充气式月球基地防护结构技术综述

综述了充气式月球基地防护结构技术,包括总体设计要求和关键设计要点、柔性热防护结构的服役环境、功能需求、设计方法、材料选用等。并从结构冲击定位和强度分析、破坏响应分析、系统组成分析和自修复材料等方面,指出了对结构进行健康监测的必要性。介绍了现有的地面测试技术,包括热防护材料性能测试、展开动力学性能测试和太空环境模拟技术等,最后对防护结构技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

C/ SiC 材料在国外空间光学系统上的应用

C/SiC复合材料具有高的比强度、低的热变形敏感度以及在高低温环境下的适应性,这使其成为目前最具前途的空间光学系统应用材料.本文总结了国外一些国家C/SiC的制备方法及其在空间技术上的具体应用.     

Nonlinear quantum ion acoustic shock wave dynamics with exchange-correlation effects

The dynamics of linear and nonlinear electrostatic shock excitations is studied in homogeneous, unmagnetized, unbounded and dissipative quantum plasma consisting of electrons and ions. The dissipation in the system is taken into account by incorporating the ion kinematic viscosity. The system is modelled using the quantum hydrodynamic equations in which the electrons are significantly affected by the quantum forces, viz., the quantum statistical pressure, the quantum Bohm potential and electron exchange-correlations due to electron spin. In the weakly nonlinear limit, using reductive perturbation method deformed Korteweg-de Vries Burgers’s (KdVB) equation, which elegantly combines the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion and dissipation is derived. It is found that the present model predicts the existence of both nonlinear oscillatory and monotonic shock structures. The temporal evolution, stability and phase-space dynamics of nonlinear ion acoustic shocks are investigated numerically to elucidate the effects of quantum diffraction, electron exchange correlation and ion kinematic viscosity.     

基于薄膜热电堆的新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器的研制

目前针对国内薄膜瞬态热流传感器一致性较差、制备工艺不成熟等问题，提出了一种基于光刻工艺和离子束溅射镀膜工艺的制备方法，200对T型金属薄膜热电偶沉积在10mm×10mm的水冷块上，测量1μm的氧化铝热阻层温差，从而得到瞬态热流密度值。对新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器进行比对法标定，一致性误差为0.211%，即工艺的一致性约为99.79%。实验表明，研制的新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器的一致性好,制备工艺具备良好重复性和可移植性，能够满足高温瞬态热流检测需要，为热流传感器的推广应用及标准化、批量化生产提供了良好的技术支撑。     

Multifunctional Martian habitat composite material synthesized from in situ resources

The two primary requirements for a Martian habitat structure include effective radiation shielding against the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) environment and sufficient structural and thermal integrity. To significantly reduce the cost associated with transportation of such materials and structures from earth, it is imperative that such building materials should be synthesized primarily from Martian in situ resources. This paper illustrates the feasibility of such an approach. Experimental results are discussed to demonstrate the synthesis of polyethylene (PE) from a simulated Martian atmosphere and the fabrication of a composite material using simulated Martian regolith with PE as the binding material. The radiation shielding effectiveness of the proposed composites is analyzed using results from radiation transport codes and exposure of the samples to high-energy beams that serve as a terrestrial proxy for the GCR environment. Mechanical and ballistic impact resistance properties of the proposed composite as a function of composition, processing parameters, and thermal variations are also discussed to evaluate the multifunctionality of such in situ synthesized composite materials.     

作大范围运动刚柔混合体的动力学建模与仿真

考虑耦合效应的柔性空间结构耦合动力学研究在航空航天领域具有重要的应用价值.用有限元法对柔性结构进行离散化处理,得到了柔性结构的模态阵.以模态展开方法以及Kane方程为理论基础,建立了作大范围运动刚柔混合体的动力学模型,并通过Matlab软件编写程序进行求解.为了检验该动力学模型及其程序的正确性,将Matlab仿真结果与商用软件仿真结果进行对照,进而验证了该仿真的正确性.本研究解决了中心刚体加柔性附件这一类航天器的动力学仿真问题.      

增材制造钛合金微桁架夹芯板低速冲击响应

增材制造技术能够制造复杂点阵结构。相比于传统的加工工艺,可以一次成型,克服了低速冲击下传统工艺芯层与面层在连接点处易发生脱粘的问题。利用低速落锤试验装置对增材制造面心立方（FCC）夹芯板和体心立方（BCC）夹芯板进行了低速冲击试验,获得了两种微桁架点阵夹芯板的破坏模式和冲击响应曲线。低速冲击下,微桁架夹芯板上面层在冲击部位产生局部凹坑,并出现裂纹,其余部位没有大变形。试验结果表明在相同能量冲击下,BCC夹芯板的凹坑深度要小于FCC夹芯板,BCC夹芯板的抗冲击性能要优于FCC夹芯板;建立有限元模型,较好地表征了低速冲击过程中微桁架结构的损伤。发现在低速冲击过程中,对于两种微桁架点阵夹芯板,冲击能量主要由上面层和芯层吸收;冲击能量改变,夹芯板各部分吸能百分比变化较小。BCC夹芯板和FCC夹芯板结构稳定,整体性好;低速冲击下,FCC夹芯板最先发生破坏的部位是上面层与芯层连接处;而BCC夹芯板最先发生破坏的部位是中间竖直桁架。