常压热试验技术在整星级航天器研制中的应用研究

针对航天器常压热试验技术在中国返回式卫星研制过程中的应用进行了研究,论述了常压热试验隔间的设计、常压热试验技术的原理和方法,然后就试验结果以及试验过程中涉及到的几个重要问题进行了分析讨论。通过分析可得,常压热试验达到了对卫星进行可靠性考核的试验目的,对航天器研制的流程再造具有重要意义。     

海南万宁大气腐蚀环境特点的研究

通过利用大气腐蚀监测仪(ACM)对海南万宁地区的大气腐蚀进行长期电化学监测的结果,与该地区同期的主要大气腐蚀环境因素对比分析,初步找出海南万宁大气腐蚀的主要环境因子及其腐蚀环境特点.海南万宁长期处于高温高湿条件下,大气腐蚀处于连续不断过程之中,但这一地区大气污染少,加速因素较小,因而大气腐蚀不严重.     

硅液相外延生长的晶向自动偏离现象

通过对液相外延的薄膜Ｘ衍射测试，结果显示不论衬底是否偏离［１１１］晶向，外延层在同一衍射位置都出现了双峰。经比较分析，确认了硅（１１１）面在液相外延生长时存在晶向自动偏转现象。     

Signature of the 11-Year Cycle in the Upper Atmosphere

In the last 45 years I have studied the thermal structure of the atmosphere from the thermosphere down to the stratosphere, and found evidence of its variability in relationship with the change of solar irradiation during the 11-year solar cycle. I would review, in the light of recent model results, the measurements which I had made since the 1960s and which, for some of them, did not find any explanation at the time of their publication. The data were obtained by two different techniques, rockets and lidars and correspond to different regions of the atmosphere from the upper thermosphere to the stratosphere. The expectation was until recently that the atmosphere should be warmed by an increase of solar flux in the course of the solar cycle due to the increase of UV flux. It has been shown to be the case in the tropical stratosphere and at all latitudes in the upper thermosphere. But, at high and mid latitudes and at other altitudes, the reverse situation was found to exist and, until recently, this cooling observed in parts of the atmosphere with increasing solar flux had never been simulated by models. In addition to reviewing our own data, the paper will present recent results using other dataset which support our observations. It is only recently that we succeeded with a model able to tune the forcing by planetary waves at the tropopause level and thus reproduce such behaviour.     

Advances in the study of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere

The research activities of the middle and upper atmosphere in China paced abig stride in the recent years. This paper provides an brief overview of theadvances in main aspects of the study in China during the past four years.     

近地空间全天时星敏感器技术现状及发展综述

星敏感器是一种以恒星为参考源的姿态测量设备,在卫星、导弹、舰船等平台得到广泛应用。对于需在大气层内全天时工作的近地空间平台,如舰船、飞机、导弹、高空气球等,星敏感器面临白天强烈天空背景条件下探测暗弱恒星目标的难题。首先介绍了近地空间全天时星敏感器的基本工作原理;其次介绍了国内外研究现状;然后分析并总结了全天时星敏感器实现的主要技术途径;最后梳理出下一步研究方向。分析结果可为近地空间全天时星敏感器系统的研制提供参考和帮助。     

武汉上空中层和低热层大气潮汐的流星雷达观测

武汉流星雷达是2002年元月建成的我国第一部全天空流星雷达，本文对2002年2月19日到7月31日流星雷达观测的潮汐的讨论表明，武汉中层顶以周日潮汐为潮汐运动的主要分量，它的强度远大于半日潮汐，周日潮汐和半日潮汐的波源都在80km以下．周日潮汐分量在3、4月份最强，并且经向分量略强于纬向分量．两个分量的峰值在约95km处出现，分别达到44m／s和60m／s．半日潮的最大值24m／s出现在4月初约93km处．周日潮汐和半日潮汐的振幅和相位随时间呈现出拟周期变化的特征，这可能是潮汐与行星波非线形相互作用的结果．观测结果与GSWM模型的比较表明，GSWM模型在相位随高度变化趋势上与观测结果一致，但模型的周日潮相位比观测约超前1—2h，半日潮相位约滞后1—4h．在周日潮汐较强的月份，模型与观测有较大的差异，观测的幅度通常在95km附近有极大值，而模型并没有极大值．GSWM模型对半日潮的幅度的估计通常过小，观测的半日潮汐幅度有时甚至超过模型值的一倍以上．     

Independent modal variable structure fuzzy active vibration control of thin plates laminated with photostrictive actuators

Photostrictive actuators can produce photodeformation strains under illumination of ultraviolet lights. They can realize non-contact micro-actuation and vibration control for elastic plate structures. Considering the switching actuation and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of photostrictive actuators, a variable structure fuzzy active control scheme is presented to control the light intensity applied to the actuators. Firstly, independent modal vibration control equations of photoelectric laminated plates are established based on modal analysis techniques. Then, the optimal light switching function is derived to increase the range of sliding modal area, and the light intensity self-adjusting fuzzy active controller is designed. Meanwhile, a continuous function is applied to replace a sign function to reduce the variable structure control (VSC) chattering. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out, and simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy provides better performance and control effect to plate actuation and control than velocity feedback control, and suppresses vibration effectively.     

Analysis and improvement of ionospheric thin shell model used in SBAS for China region

The most frequently used mapping function for converting slant total electron content (STEC) to vertical total electron content (VTEC) uses a simplified ionospheric single layer model in satellite based augmentation system (SBAS). Aiming at ionospheric single layer model altitude variation, we analyzed the statistical characteristic of mapping function in systemic approach particular for the region of China, and then experimental mapping function was proposed. The experimental mapping function is used in SBAS ionospheric correction and the precision of vertical correction is compared with standard mapping function. The results show that conversion factor errors depend on latitude, time and elevation, experimental mapping function is helpful to the vertical TEC estimation and may improve the precision of SBAS ionospheric refraction correction especially for the low latitude region of China.     

Robotic Instrument for Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS)

We have developed a rock grinding and polishing mechanism for in situ planetary exploration based on abrasive disks, called Grinding Rocks Into Thin Sections (GRITS). Performance characteristics and design considerations of GRITS are presented. GRITS was developed as part of a broader effort to develop an in situ automated rock thin section (ISARTS) instrument. The objective of IS-ARTS was to develop an instrument capable of producing petrographic rock thin sections on a planetary science spacecraft. GRITS may also be useful to other planetary science missions with in situ instruments in which rock surface preparation are necessary.