压电阻抗法表征固体推进剂老化的研究

为了更好地得到压电阻抗法（EMI, Electro-mechanical impedance）监测固体推进剂老化规律并从物理特性上对其科学性、可靠性及有效性进行验证,采用理论推导分析方法将压电阻抗电学性能参数与动态力学性能参数进行联系;对热老化HTPB推进剂进行EMI试验及动态热机械分析（DMA, Dynamic thermomechanical analysis）测试,并根据结果分析进行验证。结果表明：压电阻抗电学性能与动态力学性能能够通过动态模量与导纳之间的关系以及电压电流滞后角与力学损耗角之间的关系进行联系;热老化HTPB推进剂在不同测试频率下力学损耗因子温度谱峰值随老化的变化规律一致,均随热老化时间的延长而降低;电压电流滞后角正切值能够很好反映HTPB推进剂的老化,共振频率处的滞后角正切值随热老化时间的延长而降低,并且与损耗因子峰值呈现出明显的线性关系。     

直升机旋翼电磁特性模拟新技术

针对直升机电磁散射特性无源模拟的技术瓶颈,基于直升机桨叶的结构特点和雷达回波特性,提出一种基于小散射源阵列的新型旋翼散射特性增强技术,通过阵列合成公式和数值仿真分析了散射源阵列的雷达散射截面（RCS）的峰值大小、波峰数目、波峰位置、主瓣宽度等特性。同时,将该技术应用于国内某型无人直升机旋翼,设计了原理样机,并在微波暗室里对其电磁特性进行测试。测试结果与理论仿真结果吻合较好,验证了本方案的有效性和可行性,为试验模拟技术提供有力支持。     

高频热等离子体法合成纳米ZrC粉体及其表征

以炭黑和甲烷分别作为碳源,四氯化锆作为锆源,采用高频热等离子体法合成了超细ZrC粉体。分别采用XRD、高频红外燃烧、SEM、化学重量法对实验产物进行了表征,分析了超细ZrC粉体的物相、纯度、粒径与碳源及进气量之间的影响规律。研究表明:采用不同碳源所合成的ZrC粉体粒径均在100 nm以下,相比较炭黑为碳源,甲烷作为碳源合成的产品纯度高,氧含量低,产率大,因此,甲烷作为碳源更适于批量制备超细ZrC粉体。     

高硅氧/酚醛喷管扩张段的温度场计算与测定

本文通过圆柱座标系径向瞬时热传导偏微分方程,对喷管硅基内衬扩张段进行了温度分布数值计算.喷管结构是以石墨为喉衬,高硅氧/酚醛为收敛段、扩张段内衬,并为喉部背衬;壳体是钢.计算中考虑材料烧蚀时形成炭化层、热解层、原始材料层等多层结构,以及烧蚀边界的退移和材料物性随温度的变化.通过座标变换,将移动边界问题转化为定边界问题,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

可磨耗封严涂层研究进展

可磨耗封严涂层是一种重要的热喷涂涂层,广泛应用于飞机发动机,对提高发动机效率、降低油耗进而提升发动机整体性能具有重要意义.本文介绍了可磨耗封严涂层材料的主要种类及其发展趋势,阐述了可磨耗封严涂层性能评价方法.     

新型苯基聚硅乙炔树脂的制备及其热性能

介绍一种新型的苯基聚硅乙炔树脂的制备方法及其热性能研究。采用1H-NMR和29Si-NMR对其结构进行表征。通过DSC、TGA、马弗炉、SEM等对其热稳定性及高温抗氧化性进行了初步表征。TGA测试结果表明树脂固化物在1000℃氮气中残重率为86%,在空气中残重率为54%,马弗炉800℃高温处理30min残重率为79%。该树脂具有优良的高温热稳定性及高温抗氧化性,有望用于耐高温基体树脂。     

高热导率聚酰亚胺浸渍漆

文摘通过引入无机纳米粉体研制了高热导率聚酰亚胺浸渍漆,研究了聚酰亚胺的化学结构、无机粉体的种类、粒径和用量等因素对浸渍漆贮存稳定性以及固化物性能的影响。均苯四甲酸二酐与4,4′-二氨基二苯基醚合成的聚酰亚胺具有高的热导率。在联苯型聚酰亚胺中引入30%~35%、粒径为100~300 nm的α-A l2O3粉体,固化物的热导率可提高到0.65~0.80 W/(m.K),其余性能基本保持原有水平。     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

准直光学系统热变形对太阳模拟器性能影响研究

为了给太阳模拟器系统热管理提供可靠的技术依据,研究了准直光学系统热变形对系统性能的影响。选取项目组自主研发的高精度太阳模拟器准直光学系统作为研究对象,利用有限元软件仿真实际工作条件下各光学元件表面温度及热变形分布,将通光表面变形数据拟合为泽尼克系数导入光学设计软件中,分析热变形对系统准直角误差及辐照均匀度影响。研究结果表明:在未采取温控措施的自然对流条件下,热变形造成±1’的准直角误差和41.3%的辐照不均匀度,超出允许范围,需进行温控。通过光机集成分析法,给出了不同温度下,对流系数与热变形导致的准直角误差和辐照不均匀度对应关系,为风冷温控系统工程化设计提供了依据。     

数字温度二次仪表检定装置的测量不确定度评定

介绍了数字温度二次仪表检定装置检定配热电偶和配热电阻用温度二次仪表的原理和方法,并分别探讨了配热电偶和配热电阻时测量结果不确定度的评定。