梯度功能材料的热应力研究进展

回顾了近年来梯度功能材料（FGM）热应力研究领域所取得的研究成果，并对FGM热应力研究的发展趋势作一展望。     

飞行加速度对固体火箭发动机前封头绝热层烧蚀特性影响研究

对固体火箭发动机前封头绝热层在加速度环境的炭化烧蚀特性进行了实验研究,研制了烧蚀试验发动机及相应的离心试验台,用ＮＢＲ,ＥＰＤＭ绝热层模拟实际烧蚀环境进行了不同轴向加速度条件下的烧蚀试验,得到了飞行速度对绝热层炭化烧蚀率影响规律和经验关系式。     

可磨耗封严涂层研究进展

可磨耗封严涂层是一种重要的热喷涂涂层,广泛应用于飞机发动机,对提高发动机效率、降低油耗进而提升发动机整体性能具有重要意义.本文介绍了可磨耗封严涂层材料的主要种类及其发展趋势,阐述了可磨耗封严涂层性能评价方法.     

新型苯基聚硅乙炔树脂的制备及其热性能

介绍一种新型的苯基聚硅乙炔树脂的制备方法及其热性能研究。采用1H-NMR和29Si-NMR对其结构进行表征。通过DSC、TGA、马弗炉、SEM等对其热稳定性及高温抗氧化性进行了初步表征。TGA测试结果表明树脂固化物在1000℃氮气中残重率为86%,在空气中残重率为54%,马弗炉800℃高温处理30min残重率为79%。该树脂具有优良的高温热稳定性及高温抗氧化性,有望用于耐高温基体树脂。     

高热导率聚酰亚胺浸渍漆

文摘通过引入无机纳米粉体研制了高热导率聚酰亚胺浸渍漆,研究了聚酰亚胺的化学结构、无机粉体的种类、粒径和用量等因素对浸渍漆贮存稳定性以及固化物性能的影响。均苯四甲酸二酐与4,4′-二氨基二苯基醚合成的聚酰亚胺具有高的热导率。在联苯型聚酰亚胺中引入30%~35%、粒径为100~300 nm的α-A l2O3粉体,固化物的热导率可提高到0.65~0.80 W/(m.K),其余性能基本保持原有水平。     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

耐高温芳杂环聚吡咙的合成与性能

利用主链含有吡啶环的新型四胺单体,2,6-双(3,’4’-二氨基苯基)-4-氟苯基吡啶(FP-PA)与几种芳香族四酸二酐单体,2,2-双[4-(3,’4’-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)、3,3,’4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸二酐(ODPA)、3,3,’4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)或4,4’-(六氟异丙基)双邻苯二甲酸二酐(6FDA)通过热缩聚、热环化反应成功制备了一系列具有半梯形主链结构的芳杂环聚合物-聚吡咙(PPy)。结果表明:所制备的聚吡咙具有优异的耐热稳定性;其玻璃化转变温度达到367℃,在氮气氛围中的起始热分解温度超过500℃,10%失重温度超过560℃,750℃时的殘重率超过60%。另外,聚吡咙薄膜表现出优良的耐碱水解性能,在10%NaOH水溶液中浸泡7d后仍具有优良的柔韧性和耐热性。     

整流罩用隔热材料的研制

以改性有机硅树脂基体和无纺纤维毡为原料,经喷涂定型工艺制备了低密度阻燃隔热材料.材料密度和热导率分别为0.27～0.36g/cm3和0.032～0.036 W/(m·K).测试分析了基体拉伸强度以及材料密度和厚度对隔热效果的影响.结果表明,隔热性能可满足直升机发动机整流罩的热防护要求.     

单组元肼推力器温度场仿真及试验

针对5N单组元肼推力器，建立了在轨运行过程中推力室热控组件的传热模型；应用有限元方法进行了热分析和仿真计算；并对计算结果进行地面热真空试验验证。对于进一步开发、研制具有新型结构和热控性能的姿控推力器和具有相似结构的多种推力器具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

碳化温度对C/C复合材料微观结构及热性能的影响

采用CVI PIC工艺制备了四种碳毡增强碳基复合材料(C/C), 其中对三种样品A、B、C在2 500℃进行了一次石墨化处理,样品D未进行石墨化处理。为与900℃碳化对比,研究了1 500℃碳化对复合材料微观结构及热性能的影响。结果表明:碳化温度由900℃提高到1 500℃后,样品A的开孔率下降11. 6% ~13. 5%, 1 000℃的xy向线膨胀系数由1. 75×10-6 /K增大到2. 17×10-6 /K; xy向和z向的800℃热导率分别由65. 07W/(m·K)、45. 98W/(m·K)增大到75. 44W/(m·K)、54. 86W/(m·K);xy向和z向的比热容分别由1. 70kJ/(kg·K)、1. 43kJ/(kg·K)增大到1. 79kJ/(kg·K)、2. 19kJ/(kg·K)。样品B和样品C也表现出基本相同的趋势;随着碳化温度由900℃提高到1 500℃,样品D中微晶尺寸由2nm增大到4nm。