防静电白色热控涂层的空间环境性能试验

通过在氧化锌晶格中掺入重金属离子，得到具有防静电功能的白色颜料，再以丙烯酸树脂为粘合剂制备出空间飞行器外表面用的ACR－1防静电白色热控涂层；研究了空间环境效应（包括紫外辐照，电子和质子辐照）对该热控涂层太阳吸收率的影响并与有机硅白色热控涂层进行了比较，地面模拟空间环境试验研究结果证明，ACR－1防静电白色热控涂层具有良好的空间稳定性。     

MONITORING OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT INSIDE THE CHINA-BRAZIL EARTH RESOURCE SATELLITE

On 14 October 1999, the Chinese-Brazil earth resource satellite (CBERS-1) was launched in China. On board of the satellite there was an instrument designed at Peking University to detect the energetic particle radiation inside the satellite so the radiation fluxes of energetic particles in the cabin can be monitored continuously. Inside a satellite cabin, radiation environment consists of ether penetrated energetic particles or secondary radiation from satellite materials due to the interactions with primary cosmic rays.Purpose of the detectors are twofold, to monitor the particle radiation in the cabin and also to study the space radiation environment The data can be used to study the radiation environment and their effects on the electronics inside the satelhte cabin. On the other hand, the data are useful in study of geo-space energetic particle events such as solar proton events, particle precipitation and variations of the radiation belt since there should be some correlation between the radiation situation inside and outside the satellite.The instrument consists of two semi-conductor detectors for protons and electrons respectively. Each detector has two channels of energy ranges. They are 0.5-2MeV and ≥2MeV for electrons and 5-30MeV and 30-60MeV for protons. Counting rate for all channels are up to 104/(cm2@s)and power consumption is about 2.5 W. There are also the additional functions of CMOS TID (total integrated dose) effect and direct SEU monitoring. The data of CBMC was first sent back on Oct. 17 1999 and it's almost three years from then on. The detector has been working normally and the quality of data is good.The preliminary results of data analysis of CBMC not only reveal the effects of polar particle precipitation and radiation belt on radiation environment inside a satellite, but also show some important features of the geo-space energetic particle radiation.As one of the most important parameters of space weather, the energetic charged particles have great influences on space activities and ground tech nology. CBMC is perhaps the first long-term on-board special equipment to monitor the energetic particle radiation environment inside the satellite and the data it accnmulated are very useful in both satellite designing and space research.     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

A time-frequency analysis of the thermal radiation background anomalies caused by large earthquakes: A case study of the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake

Strong earthquakes have an impact on the regional thermal radiation background, which has been both observed and confirmed. This effect produces anomalies in the thermal radiation background (TRBA) and increases the difficulty of extracting a thermal radiation anomaly (TRA) that is associated with an earthquake occurring during the same time period. The extraction and identification of such anomalies has been ignored by previous studies. In this study, we investigate the time-frequency analysis (TFA) method, together with the wavelet filtering of the Daubechies method and the relative power spectrum analysis of the Fourier Welch method to extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake and the TRA of the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian Ms 6.6 earthquake using data concerning the brightness temperature of a black body (TBB) from the Fengyun-2 series of geostationary meteorological satellites developed by China. The result showed that this method can effectively extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and the TRA of the Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake form a complex background environment. Furthermore, we discussed the impact of the earthquake on the TRBA and segmented the process. The impact is mainly reflected by three aspects; the characteristic period of the TRBA changes, the TRBA occurs at the same time every year, which is identical to the time at which the earthquake anomaly occurred, and the impact process is in stages. We also summarized the correlation between the characteristic parameters of a TRA and the regional thermal radiation background, geography, and climatic factors.     

潜入式喷管喉衬界面间隙优化设计

为了解决固体火箭发动机潜入式喷管喉衬在热载荷与内压联合作用下界面间隙优化问题,数值模拟方法求解了喷管热结构响应.采用流体仿真软件,计算了潜入式喷管流动过程的稳态流场,获取了高温燃气流动参数与固体壁面对流换热系数.并采用三维有限元结构计算平台,编写了非均布壁面压力载荷与非均布对流换热系数子程序,求解了喉衬前后搭接界面间隙...     

水下高速射流气泡变化过程数值研究

为研究水下高速射流气泡变化规律,采用VOF(Volume of Fluids)模型分别对水下等温高速气体射流和热高速气体射流动态流场进行了气水耦合数值求解。其中热射流考虑了汽化因素对气泡内气流场的影响,数值模拟了气泡的形成、发展、断裂及融合过程,揭示了气泡中压力和马赫数等参数的变化规律,得出了水下点火初期的流场特征。研究发现:在相同入口压力下,热射流产生气泡的空间尺度比等温射流产生的气泡空间尺度要小;气泡发展过程中会出现颈缩,也可能断裂,断裂与否取决于气泡颈缩处内外压差,气泡的颈缩与断裂是产生压力脉动的重要因素,并决定了压力峰的位置和大小,气泡断裂位置越靠近喷管出口,压力峰值越大,该压力峰值会影响火箭发动机尾流场特性。     

涡扇发动机排气系统红外特征

采用反向蒙特卡罗法(Reverse Monte-carlo,简称RMC)结合窄带模型计算了模型涡扇发动机(不带加力)排气系统的红外辐射强度。考虑了金属壁面的发射和反射以及燃气中CO2,CO和H2O等组分的吸收、发射和透射,组分的吸收系数由NASA SP3080数据库获得,并对判断射线归宿的过程进行了改进,开发了计算程序。实验测量了模型涡扇发动机排气系统的中波红外光谱辐射强度及其空间辐射强度分布。结果表明:计算得到的3～5μm波段内的光谱辐射强度以及空间辐射强度分布与实验值吻合较好,最大误差为10%左右,本文的计算方法能比较准确地反映涡扇发动机排气系统在非加力状态下的中波红外辐射特征。     

氧化钇稳定氧化锆多孔陶瓷的制备与性能

以叔丁醇为溶剂,采用凝胶注模成型方法,制备出防/隔热的摩尔分数为8%Y_2O_3-ZrO_2(8YSZ)多孔陶瓷.在浆料中初始固相含量固定为10%体积分数的基础上,研究了烧结温度对8ySZ陶瓷材料的气孔率、开气孔率、孔径尺寸分布及显微结构的影响,分析了压缩强度、热导率与结构之间的关系.通过改变烧结温度,所制备的8YSZ多孔陶瓷的气孔率为65%～74%,孔隙分布均匀,平均孔径为0.68～1.82μm,压缩强度为7.92～13.15 MPa,室温热导率[最低可达0.053 W/(m·K)],比相应的致密陶瓷[～2.2 W/(m·K)]低一个数量级,且随着气孔率的增加而降低.     

飞行器表面红外辐射的模型以及红外特征分析(英文)

隐身最重要的技术之一是评估飞行器被红外探测器接收到的红外辐射强度。本文针对飞行器表面红外辐射特征计算的问题提出一个方法。首先通过分析飞行器表面气动加热、发动机热部件等主要热源,建立了CFD计算模型并获得了飞行表面的温度场。并结合反向蒙特卡洛方法建立求解飞行器表面复杂几何外形的红外辐射模型。通过数值模拟,比较了飞行器主要部件在水平和侧向上红外辐射强度所占的比重;并针对飞行器主要部件冷却对红外辐射强度的影响效果进行了研究。计算结果表明:在水平方向降低飞行器头部、垂尾、机翼部件表面温度10K能降低红外辐射强度大于8%;而在侧方向降低飞行器头部、垂尾、机翼部件表面温度10K能降低红外辐射强度小于8%。计算结果可为隐身设计提供参考。