乘波体构形的一种热防护方案

对乘波体构形气动力与气动热的折衷设计进行讨论。通过分析乘波体构形与传统高超声速外形所处流场的差异以及壁面催化和流动状态对两种外形的气动热环境的不同影响,结合当前的材料与热防护技术,考查乘波体构形在基本保证气动力设计要求的基础上将前缘钝化后采用可重复使用热防护方法如辐射等进行长时间高超声速飞行的可能性。采用无粘-边界层方法计算了一个乘波体的折衷外形所受的气动热环境,在此基础上对外形作气动热防护分析。结果显示,乘波体构形进行气动力与气动热折衷设计后,是可以满足进行长时间高超声速飞行要求的。     

基于耐热量降低原理的配电系统微机反时限过流保护

 提出航空及民用配电系统耐热量降低原理,对国际电工委员会(IEC)标准规定的反时限特性曲线,研究用电设备过流保护跳闸条件、过流损坏的相对临界耐热量和电流热功率,设计一种快速高精度的反时限过流保护方法,并仿真分析其实现过程。统一定义10倍过流延时时间为时间整定值,使反时限函数具有统一明确的量化参数,并推导出相应的反时限特性方程,使参数更容易整定。该方法克服了传统反时限过流保护不能准确反映电流快速变化时真实故障状态的缺点。根据耐热量降低原理推导一种简单实用的反时限动态特性测试方法,静态和动态实验结果表明该方法快速性好和准确性高,为航空供电系统机载用电设备及民用设备反时限保护提供了实现方案。     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

重复使用飞行器金属热防护系统的有限元分析与设计

金属基热防护系统具有轻质、耐用、可操作性、成本高效等特点,是实现降低重复使用飞行器费用的一个关键技术。通过比较分析超耐热合金防热板和改进型防热板,给出了金属热防护系统的各个部分的设计准则。建立了蜂窝夹芯板和纤维隔热毡的有效热导率的数值预报模型,算例研究表明本文给出的数值预报方法正确。使用二维热分析模型和三维承载分析模型,实现了传热和承载分析的迭代计算,算例表明迭代方法有效、可行,可用于可重复使用飞行器金属热防护系统的分析与评价。     

Oxidation resistance and self-sealing property of ceramic coatings for C/C composites

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耐高温芳杂环聚吡咙的合成与性能

利用主链含有吡啶环的新型四胺单体,2,6-双(3,’4’-二氨基苯基)-4-氟苯基吡啶(FP-PA)与几种芳香族四酸二酐单体,2,2-双[4-(3,’4’-二羧基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐(BPADA)、3,3,’4,4’-二苯醚四羧酸二酐(ODPA)、3,3,’4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)或4,4’-(六氟异丙基)双邻苯二甲酸二酐(6FDA)通过热缩聚、热环化反应成功制备了一系列具有半梯形主链结构的芳杂环聚合物-聚吡咙(PPy)。结果表明:所制备的聚吡咙具有优异的耐热稳定性;其玻璃化转变温度达到367℃,在氮气氛围中的起始热分解温度超过500℃,10%失重温度超过560℃,750℃时的殘重率超过60%。另外,聚吡咙薄膜表现出优良的耐碱水解性能,在10%NaOH水溶液中浸泡7d后仍具有优良的柔韧性和耐热性。     

整流罩用隔热材料的研制

以改性有机硅树脂基体和无纺纤维毡为原料,经喷涂定型工艺制备了低密度阻燃隔热材料.材料密度和热导率分别为0.27～0.36g/cm3和0.032～0.036 W/(m·K).测试分析了基体拉伸强度以及材料密度和厚度对隔热效果的影响.结果表明,隔热性能可满足直升机发动机整流罩的热防护要求.     

飞机腐蚀与防护

飞机腐蚀是每个航空公司都必须面对的问题。随着飞机服役时间的增加,有效地检查出飞机结构上存在的各种腐蚀,并进行去除,更是成为延长飞机使用寿命的关键。本文详细分析了飞机腐蚀的种类,根据腐蚀的特点及表现形式,介绍了相应的检查方法及去除方法。最后有针对性地提出了各种防护措施。     

镁合金等离子体氧化时火花变化规律的研究

研究Magoxid工艺中镁合金等离子体氧化的过程,此过程分为三个阶段:普通阳极氧化、微弧氧化以及弧光氧化.随着氧化的进行,施加的电压不断升高,火花由微弧向弧光过渡.而微弧和弧光开始均主要集中于样品的边缘,然后均匀分布于整个样品表面.与微弧氧化阶段相比,弧光氧化阶段火花的数量明显减少,尺寸增大,并且持续的时间延长.与火花变化过程相对应,氧化膜表面孔数量减少,直径逐渐增大.氧化时间超过10min后,氧化膜表面呈现不明显的多孔结构.     

单组元肼推力器温度场仿真及试验

针对5N单组元肼推力器，建立了在轨运行过程中推力室热控组件的传热模型；应用有限元方法进行了热分析和仿真计算；并对计算结果进行地面热真空试验验证。对于进一步开发、研制具有新型结构和热控性能的姿控推力器和具有相似结构的多种推力器具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。