二次电子发射对稳态等离子体推进器加速通道鞘层的影响

稳态等离子体推进器(Stationary Plasma Thruster,SPT)工作时产生的高密度等离子体遇到其加速通道陶瓷器壁时,在陶瓷器壁与等离子体之间形成鞘层。离子会在鞘层电场作用下到达SPT加速通道器壁表面进而复合,而等离子体中的电子由于具有高能可跃过鞘层电场轰击器壁表面,从而产生二次电子发射效应。从器壁表面发射出的二次电子由于受到鞘层电场的排斥,导致其向等离子体源区移动,进而影响等离子体鞘层的特性。建立了考虑二次电子发射效应的无碰撞等离子体鞘层的一维流体模型,研究了二次电子发射对SPT加速通道鞘层特性的影响。计算结果显示,随二次电子发射系数增加,鞘层电势、离子密度、电子密度和二次电子密度增加,而离子速度降低,鞘层中离子密度始终大于电子密度。鞘层中二次电子绝大多数集中在器壁附近,随二次电子穿越鞘层厚度的增加,二次电子密度快速下降。     

航天飞行器防热层与天线窗口热匹配行为研究

针对防热层与天线盖板的热匹配及烧蚀匹配开展研究,通过有限元方法,分析了尺寸效应对于天线盖板热匹配的影响,同时结合电弧风洞实验验证了防热层与天线盖板在高温下的烧蚀匹配行为。研究结果表明,按照实验件尺寸20 mm×20 mm,在实验环境条件下,防热层最大热应力为2.98 MPa,小于低密度石英酚醛复合材料在高温下的拉伸强度,不存在热匹配风险。当天线盖板尺寸大于60 mm时,防热层局部接触应力约为5.3 MPa,大于防热层在高温下的抗拉强度,天线盖板与周边防热层保证0.3 mm安装间隙,天线盖板在高温下的最大膨胀量为0.03~0.04 mm,远小于间隙值,因此不存在热匹配风险。天线盖板在与防热层烧蚀过程中,由于耐温较高,在高温下基本无烧蚀,低密度石英酚醛防热层烧蚀量约为 1.1 mm,因此在后续防热设计中可在天线盖板前缘处预留台阶,以减小高温下的烧蚀不匹配风险。     

焊接温度场热图像的MATLAB软件分析技巧

本文介绍了焊接温度场热图像的ＭＡＴＬＡＢ（矩阵实验室）处理方法,包括图像的输入输出、图像特征参数的提取。采用这一分析方法,大大缩短了分析时间,提高了工作效率。     

旋流预混预蒸发装置蒸发和排放特性

采用数值模拟和试验两种方法获得了两种结构的贫油预混预蒸发装置(Lean premixing and prevaporizing system,简称LPP)出口的油气混合均匀性,并采用单管燃烧室验证了LPP装置的燃烧特性.径向旋流预混装置出口的油气混合比轴向旋流预混装置更均匀;旋流器的叶片数和旋流角、预混管长度、气流速度、喷油方式等对油气混合均匀性均有比较显著的影响;在当量比高至0.5左右时,LPP燃烧室NOX和CO排放比传统燃烧室低得多;只要LPP装置出口存在回流,燃烧时就会出现回火现象.      

舱内失压下航天员热舒适度和散热量仿真

针对载人登月舱内失压应急返回过程中,不同条件下航天员穿着舱外航天服维持生存时的热舒适度问题,基于Matlab建立了人-航天服热模型。其中人体热模型基于Fiala模型建立,航天服热模型使用集总参数法建立。经过不同工况的对比,仿真结果与文献数据基本吻合,验证了模型的正确性。在此基础上,基于DTS热舒适度计算方法对不同失压紧急情况下的人体热舒适度进行了分析,得到了舱内不同环境下人体热舒适度、航天服所需散热量和通风气体湿度的变化规律,并提出了系统优化方案,为我国应急舱内压力防护系统的设计和生保方案制定提供了参考。     

Effect of vapor condensation on ascending performance of stratospheric airship

This paper reports a numerical investigation on the effects of water vapor condensing inside the air bag of a stratospheric airship on its ascending performance. The kinetic and thermal model considering vapor condensation was established, based on which a computer program was written in Fortran. The simulation results show that the vapor condensation remarkably affects the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship in the ascent process. During the ascent process below 11 km, a large amount of latent heat is released when the water vapor in the air inside the air bag of the stratospheric airship condenses, which results in the increase of the temperature and the reduction of the weight of the air in the air bag, causing the airship to speed up, the accelerated expansion of the helium, and the decrease of the helium temperature in the helium bag. When the flight altitude is higher than 11 km, the effect of vapor condensation on the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship is negligible because vapor is virtually nonexistent in the air.     

Observation of aphelion cloud belt over Martian tropics,its evolution,and associated dust distribution from MCS data

The present study uses five Martian years of observations from Mars Climate Sounder onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for investigating the Aphelion Cloud Belt (ACB) over the tropics. Analysis of zonal mean water ice column opacity suggests that the spatial extension of the ACB is mainly confined over the tropics and mid-latitudes (-20 – 40°N) during L_S ~ 45 – 135° (L_S = 0° signifies northern spring equinox). The ACB is seen primarily in the nighttime only due to the truncation of the daytime profile observations at significantly higher altitudes (at ~30 km). Zonal mean ice extinction profiles show ACB’s altitudinal range within ~10 – 40 km, and the existence of a thin cloud band in the absence of a thick ACB during aphelion season. Three phases of the ACB could be identified as the formation phase during L_S = 45 – 75° (phase 1), the peak phase during L_S = 76 – 105° (phase 2), and the decaying phase during L_S = 106 – 135° (phase 3). Observation of the cloud latitude belt shows a northward movement starting from phase 2, prominent over regions nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra. During this phase, the top level of thick clouds within the ACB decreases to ~20 km in the southern hemisphere, while it increases a little over the northern hemisphere (NH). The decreasing tendency continues in phase 3 over the entire region ?10 – 10°N, and the thick cloud base moves higher over the NH, though the vertical depth of it becomes narrower than phase 2. Temperature profiles do not show any noticeable influence on the northward evolution of the ACB. However, the study at a regional level indicates a possible association of upper tropospheric dustiness with the ACB’s evolution. The mechanism is evident in the correlation analysis mostly at an altitude range of ~18 – 35 km. The migrating semidiurnal tide (SMD) as a proxy of dust or water ice forcing, and the calculated upper tropospheric dust radiative heating, shows an apparent northward movement of their peak amplitude within the three phases of the ACB. This match between the spatiotemporal variations of the SMD and the water ice was not observed previously. However, the correlating behavior seems to be prominent in the areas nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra and the upper-tropospheric region of the atmosphere.     

Magnetic connectivity and solar energetic proton event intensity profiles at deka-MeV energy

We present an analysis of the time-intensity profiles of 25 solar energetic proton events at 18.2 MeV, modelled by fitting an analytical function form (a modified Weibull function) to the observed intensities. Additionally relying on previous work that characterized the magnetic connectivity between the event-related solar flare and the observer in these events with three angular parameters, we investigate the fit function parameters, the connectivity parameters, and the iron-to-carbon ratio of the events for dependencies and correlations. We find that the fit parameter controlling the basic shape of the profile (parameter a) is not clearly dependent on the connectivity parameters or the Fe/C ratio, suggesting that the profile shapes of neither well and weakly connected nor generally “impulsive” and “gradual” events differ systematically during the early stages of the event at 1 AU. In contrast, the time scaling of the fit function (parameter b) is at least moderately correlated with both the magnetic connectivity parameters and the Fe/C ratio, in that well-connected and iron-rich events are typically shorter in relative duration than weakly connected and nominal-abundance events; intensity rise times display a similar correlation with the connectivity parameters. We interpret the former result as following from the combined effect of various transport processes acting on the particles in interplanetary space, while the latter is essentially consistent with established knowledge regarding the observed dependence of the time-intensity profile shapes of solar energetic particle events on their magnetic connectivity and heavy ion abundances. The desirability of modelling the particle transport effects in detail and extending the analysis to cover higher energies is indicated.     

射频微系统技术发展策略研究

阐述了射频微系统在军民领域的应用情况,结合全球射频微系统研究现状,对射频微系统一系列典型技术进行了梳理和总结分析,同时根据我国射频微系统现阶段发展情况对现存问题和未来发展进行了思考。     

Thermal stability improvement of sprayable fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint for measurement above 100 °C

The thermal stability of sprayable fast-responding Pressure-Sensitive Paint (fast PSP) was investigated to explore the possibility for application in turbomachinery and hypersonic research with temperature above 100 °C. The first part of the study focused on a widely-used Polymer Ceramic PSP (PC-PSP). The effects of thermal degradation on its key sensing properties, including luminescent intensity, pressure sensitivity and response time, were examined for a temperature range from 60 to 100 °C. Severe degradation in intensity and pressure sensitivity was found as temperature reached 70 °C or higher, which would cause failure of PSP application in these conditions. Subsequently, a fast-responding Mesoporous-Particle PSP (MP-PSP) was developed which did not show degradation effects until 140 °C. The greatly improved thermal stability of MP-PSP was attributed to: selection of polymer with higher glass transition temperature (polystyrene) to delay the saturation effect of oxygen quenching as temperature increased; porous and hollow structure of particles for luminophore deposition that minimizes polymer–luminophore interaction. This new paint formulation has significantly raised the upper temperature limit of fast PSP and offers more opportunities for applications in harsh environment.