航天器热控系统中的热泵-蓄冷组合方案

提出了旨在降低热控系统质量的热泵-蓄冷组合热控方案。通过对负荷进行预测，对热泵蓄冷系统的集成模式，系统的运行策略，以及蓄冷设备的容量等问题进行了分析。结果表明：通过合理优化系统的运行参数，热泵蓄冷组合方案能实现热控系统的轻量化设计要求，在未来航天热管理系统中具有相当的应用潜力。     

高温真空绝热板的制备及性能研究

根据真空绝热原理提出一种可在高温环境下使用的新型高温真空绝热板(High-temperature vacuum insulation panel,HT-VIP)。在多孔碳化硅泡沫芯材表面包覆多层碳纤维布,通过化学气相渗透(Chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)热解碳的方法对外壳碳纤维体进行增密,然后采用聚合物浸渍裂解(Polymer infiltration and pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备玻璃碳对材料进行致密化处理,最后采用低压化学气相沉积(Chemical vapor deposition,CVD)工艺沉积SiC涂层对材料进行封装,制备出一种具有耐高温、密度低、强度高、低导热以及抗热冲击的新型高温真空绝热复合材料。制备的致密碳纤维增强复合材料,材料内部为真空状态,材料密度为0.81g/cm3,抗压强度为8.75 MPa。当温度为100~900℃时,高温VIP有效热导热系数从0.20 W/mK逐渐增加到1.16 W/mK,比C/C和C/SiC复合材料低一个数量级。     

在轨运行热环境下的天线镜面热变形对空地激光通信链路的影响

针对光学天线镜面热变形对空地激光通信链路性能产生影响的问题进行了理论和仿真分析。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件仿真得到的结果表明：低轨卫星在轨运行热环境条件下，采用潜望式结构且暴露在卫星舱外的光学天线反射镜镜面热变形将导致天线镜面法向偏转，其偏转量在不能释放热应力条件下可达几十μrad量级，经其传输的光束将产生较大的指向偏差；对所提出的释放热应力效果较好的天线镜体安装方式进行的相应分析表明：镜面变形受到镜体固定方式的影响非常大，在一定的参数条件下，和压板法固定方式相比较，压圈固定方式受到热变形影响形成的法向角度偏转较小。     

原子吸收光谱法测定热电池隔离粉中镁

提出用一氧化二氮－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定热电池隔离粉中镁。介绍镁的最佳测定条件并具有良好线性范围的浓度，并对样品消化处理条件、干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好，同时具有方法步骤简单、操作容易掌握等特点，达到了实验室分析质量控制的要求。     

航天用传热强化工质导热系数和粘度的实验研究

通过在航天器热控系统用的某型液体传热工质中添加铜纳米粒子，研制一种新型航天用传热冷却工质-纳米流体。分别运用瞬态热线法和NXE-1型粘度计测定了不同纳米粒子体积份额配比的纳米流体的导热系数和粘度，分析了纳米粒子体积份额、温度等因素对纳米流体导热系数和粘度的影响，实验结果表明，在液体中添加纳米粒子，显著增加了液体的导热系数和传热性能。     

导弹天线罩静热联合试验及其热强度分析

本文介绍了导弹天线罩地面模拟试验的技术与方法，并采用有限元法求解某型号天线罩结构在热流与机械载荷的作用下，结构内部随时间变化的温度场及应力场。计算时主要是依据模拟试验中所施加的边界条件和载荷条件进行的。     

空间紫外辐照对高分子材料破坏机理研究综述

高分子材料作为绝缘体和电介质被广泛应用于机电组件、集成电路等各类电子元器件中,其性能的变化将直接影响电子元器件功能的正常实现。空间紫外辐照是造成高分子材料性能退化的重要因素之一。文章介绍了空间紫外辐照的来源及特点,阐述了紫外辐照对高分子材料作用的两种效应,即瞬态效应和累积效应的机理与过程及其对高分子材料性能造成的影响,并提出增强高分子材料耐紫外辐照能力的方法和途径。最后指出需要进一步开展研究工作的方向。     

载人航天器主动热控制系统流体回路的优化设计

载人航天器一般采用主动热控制技术为主的热控制系统,废热的排散主要通过泵驱动单相流体回路。分析了主动热控制系统的主要设计任务,如系统方案、工质的选择、回路部件的选型、系统参数的确定、控制算法等;提出了主动热控制系统方案及参数选择应满足适应性要求、安全性要求、可靠性要求以及经济性要求,指出主动热控制系统的设计是一个以系统总体质量最小为目标的约束优化问题,并讨论了优化设计的思路与实现流程。最后基于一个具体的设计案例对设计方法进行了验证。     

空间光学遥感器热控技术研究

分析了遥感器与卫星平台的热控差异,总结了近年来遥感器热控需求的变化,阐述了基于多学科集成的遥感器STOP设计模式,介绍了高精度/高稳定度温度控制、大功耗热量传输、深低温热量传输、Robust热控等适应遥感器热控需求的新技术研究及应用情况。对我国空间光学遥感器热控技术的研究具有一定借鉴意义。     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.