热真空试验中变温速率的实现

为在热真空试验中实现试件温度的规定变化，在建立试件温度场数学模型的基础上，分析了既定变温速率的外热流调整方法，并介绍了仿真结果以及应用实例，证实了模型的正确性。     

通信卫星隔热屏热控涂层的研制及应用

介绍了ＧＤ２及ＧＤ２Ａ两种涂料型热控涂层的组成、工艺、性能，并讨论了影响涂层性能的因素。实验结果表明，涂层性能稳定并达到了热控设计的要求。这两种涂层已成功地应用于中国通信卫星的隔热屏上。     

两颗通信卫星热控分系统长期在轨性能评述

扼要地介绍了我国两颗通信卫星热控分系统的在轨性能,并对热控涂层和热试验等问题进行讨论。     

有机硅热控涂层在模拟空间环境下的原位性能

研究了热控涂层在地面模拟空间环境下的性能变化：原位测定了紫外、电子辐照过程中热控涂层的性能变化；考察了K2SiO3包覆ZnO情况对涂层性能的影响；用扫描电镜（SEM）对辐照前后涂层表面微观形貌的变化进行了观察。结果表明，无论是缩合型的硅树脂还是加成型硅橡胶，在加入ZnO填料后，耐紫外辐照的能力都有明显的提高；不同种类涂层在真空紫外辐照作用下表现出不同规律。硅酸钾包覆ZnO对于有机硅树脂和加成型硅橡胶作基料的热控涂层影响也不同。加成型硅橡胶制备得到的热控涂层有非常优异的抗电子辐照性能。     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

热防护系统分区协调耦合推进方法

提出一种适用于热防护系统(TPS)热控性能研究的分区协调耦合推进方法,其中采用有限体积法(FVM)进行气动热分析,FVM空间离散采用NND格式,而结构传热采用有限元法(FEM)进行分析,且在耦合面采用基于控制面的双向映射插值方法进行数据传递。进行了圆管算例分析,2 s时刻驻点处温度计算值与试验值相对误差为4.95%。研究了空天飞行器头锥TPS的热控性能,非耦合方法获得的防热瓦和应变隔离垫(SIP)最高温度分别比耦合结果高114.4 K和32.6 K,这是由于非耦合方法未考虑壁面温度升高对气动热的反馈作用,而耦合方法充分考虑了此影响。采用高热辐射率的涂层、低导热系数和较厚的防热瓦能有效提高热防护系统的隔热性能和降低主动冷却系统的功率和重量,而防热瓦最高温度对其导热系数和厚度不敏感。     

表面处理对热障涂层界面微结构的影响

采用真空电弧离子镀技术在单晶高温合金DD32上制备HY5金属粘结层,通过振动光饰、吹砂2种不同的表面处理方法改变粘结层表面状态,再在粘结层表面利用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备陶瓷层。研究了不同处理方法对粘结层表面状态的影响;测试了不同表面处理方法下制备的热障涂层的高温氧化性能并对比分析了它们的变化规律。此外,探讨了不同表面处理方法对界面元素成分及失效特征的影响。研究结果表明,通过表面处理可以去除粘结层表面较大的凸起,提高表面平整度,提高热障涂层抗氧化性能。与粗糙界面相比,光滑界面形成的TGO层均匀致密,Al含量高。经长时间的高温氧化后,粗糙界面的TGO层出现明显皱曲现象,陶瓷层开裂剥落。     

航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层应用的关键技术和问题

热障涂层是提高涡轮叶片可靠性和服役寿命的关键技术。从热障涂层的粘结层与涡轮叶片高温合金基体的匹配性、CMAS(一种基于CaO、MgO、Al2O3和Si O2等多种氧化物构成的环境沉积物)形成及其对热障涂层的损伤和相应的防护、叶片热障涂层厚度分布的过程控制、热障涂层制备过程中气膜孔缩孔、热障涂层的在线无损检测及涂层返修以满足涡轮叶片全寿命周期需求等方面论述了航空发动机涡轮叶片热障涂层工程应用技术和需要解决的实际问题。     

碳纤维复合材料低温热导率的实用计算方法

探讨和验证了碳纤维复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ）低温传热及低温热导率的一般规律、影响因素和计算方法;在分析讨论的基础上,总结归纳了热导率计算方法,并将计算结果与测试结果进行了比对,为设计、推算ＣＦＲＰ材料的低温热导率提出了实用的计算方法。     

航天用传热强化工质导热系数和粘度的实验研究

通过在航天器热控系统用的某型液体传热工质中添加铜纳米粒子，研制一种新型航天用传热冷却工质-纳米流体。分别运用瞬态热线法和NXE-1型粘度计测定了不同纳米粒子体积份额配比的纳米流体的导热系数和粘度，分析了纳米粒子体积份额、温度等因素对纳米流体导热系数和粘度的影响，实验结果表明，在液体中添加纳米粒子，显著增加了液体的导热系数和传热性能。