A torus-shaped solar sail accelerated via thermal desorption of coating

A torus-shaped sail consists of a reflective membrane attached to an inflatable torus-shaped rim. The sail’s deployment from its stowed configuration is initiated by introducing inflation pressure into the toroidal rim with an attached circular flat membrane coated by heat-sensitive materials that undergo thermal desorption (TD) from a solid to a gas phase. Our study of the deployment and acceleration of the sail is split into three steps: at a particular heliocentric distance a torus-shaped sail is deployed by a gas inflated into the toroidal rim and the membrane is kept flat by the pressure of the gas; under heating by solar radiation, the membrane coat undergoes TD and the sail is accelerated via TD of coating and solar radiation pressure (SRP); when TD ends, the sail utilizes thrust only from SRP. We study the stability of the torus-shaped sail and deflection and vibration of the flat membrane due to the acceleration by TD and SRP.     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

高温对单搭接接头强度的影响

对不同温度下单搭接接头进行拉伸试验,对比不同温度对接头强度的影响。结果表明,温度越

高,接头强度越低,同时,随着温度的升高,胶层的破坏模式也发生变化。通过有限元数值仿真,模拟不同温度

下胶层表面上等效应力的分布情况,得出温度越高,胶层热应力越大,接头强度越低等结论。

     

HIT-J01 腻子的制备及性能

采用有机硅树脂掺杂无机粒子制备了一种耐高温腻子(HIT-J01),研究了其粘接性能、膨胀特性和抗热震性能。通过SEM及XRD分析了腻子的微观结构和相变化。结果表明:制备的腻子具有良好的粘接和抗热震性能,粘接C/Si C的单搭接剪切强度为5.5 MPa,1 200℃在线单搭接剪切强度1.8 MPa。腻子同基材C/Si C具有良好的热膨胀匹配性能。HIT-J01腻子在高温条件下生成的Al2O3·(B2O3)n融体。在风洞考核环境下,腻子封堵面平均温度高达1 200℃,最高温度达到1 400℃,风洞实验后,腻子表观平整、无裂纹。     

Dynamic simulation of breakaway characteristics of tethered aerostats

A tethered aerostat may break away due to the cable damage caused by abrasion or strong wind. In order to avoid losing the aerostat, the discharge valve will open automatically when the aerostat escapes into the air. It is necessary to know its breakaway characteristics because it is different from those of the launch process. This work develops the dynamic and thermal models for tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics with the finite difference method. Based on the developed models, a computer program in FORTRAN is developed. Then, the program is used to simulate tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics, including ascent and descent behaviors, flight altitude, flight duration, and the influence of the discharge valve characteristics, ascent velocity and hull volume on the hull overpressure. The simulation results are helpful for better understanding tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics and for developing tethered aerostat breakaway control strategies and systems.     

PVC 阻燃酚醛纤维的制备及其性能

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性酚醛树脂为原料,采用熔融纺丝法制备出PVC阻燃酚醛纤维.通过SEM、DMA、TG、Fr-IR等分析手段,对PVC阻燃酚醛纤维的结构和性能进行了研究.与纯酚醛纤维相比,PVC阻燃纤维的韧性和阻燃性提高,但其热稳定性和残碳率稍有降低.当PVC含量为0.5wt％时,其拉伸强度从123 MPa提高至150 MPa,极限氧指数从32.1％提高至38.5％,在空气气氛下600℃的残碳率从87.4％降至70.9％,在氮气气氛下1 000℃的残碳率从62.8％降至59.7％.     

M55J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料X、Y方向低温热导率的测试研究

碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料是目前广泛在航天器应用的新型材料.该材料在X、Y方向的低温热导率是设计、使用的重要参考依据.目前一些测量方法不能表征材料传热特性,本文提出采用传统的一维稳态热流法.以M55J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料为例,对X、Y方向的低温热导率进行了测试、分析.在试验分析的基础上,采用单层板热导率测量数据,用分析模型计算了M55J碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的低温热导率并与测量数据进行了比对,两者最大偏差在18%之内,说明与从计算单层板的热导率开始的方法相比较,采用这种计算方法较简单准确.文章分析表明,碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的低温热导率可以通过铺层设计改变,以减少材料设计的盲目性,满足航天器的特殊需求.     

一种冷热交变环境下太阳帆应力保持方法

针对冷热交变环境导致太阳帆内部应力剧烈变化的问题,基于形状记忆合金(SMA)弹簧提出了太阳帆的张拉方案和薄膜应力保持恒定的方法,该方法利用形状记忆合金在高低温下的刚度非线性特性,有效补偿薄膜和支撑杆之间的间隙变化,以使薄膜内部应力基本保持恒定。针对六边形构型太阳帆开展了数值仿真,首先建立了太阳帆的热分析模型和力学分析模型,获取了高低温工况下的温度场。然后通过热致变形分析得到薄膜与支撑杆在高低温工况下的间隙变化,据此确定形状记忆合金弹簧的参数。最后对太阳帆在高低温工况下的薄膜内部应力进行了验证。     

加热温度对TC4钛合金的空冷组织及热疲劳抗力的影响

对经不同温度加热随后空冷的ＴＣ４钛合金在－１９６～３５０℃范围内进行了外约束型热疲劳试验。结果表明：经单相区加热的合金，其热疲劳裂纹易于沿原β相晶界处萌生，以穿晶的方式扩展，对热疲劳裂纹萌生抗力较低。而经９５０℃加热的合金，其热疲劳裂纹易于沿初生α相与基体（条形的α＋β相）的界面处萌生，裂纹易于切过条形的α＋β相扩展，其热疲劳裂纹萌生抗力最高。经９００℃加热的合金，其热疲劳裂纹易于沿初生α相与基体的界面处萌生并沿其扩展，合金的热疲劳裂纹萌生抗力也较低     

Thermal protection mechanism of heat pipe in leading edge under hypersonic conditions

Sharp local structure, like the leading edge of hypersonic aircraft, confronts a severe aerodynamic heating environment at a Mach number greater than 5. To eliminate the danger of a material failure, a semi-active thermal protection system is proposed by integrating a metallic heat pipe into the structure of the leading edge. An analytical heat-balance model is established from traditional aerodynamic theories, and then thermal and mechanical characteristics of the structure are studied at Mach number 6–8 for three refractory alloys, Inconel 625, C-103, and T-111. The feasibility of this simple analytical method as an initial design tool for hypersonic aircraft is assessed through numerical simulations using a finite element method. The results indicate that both the isothermal and the maximum temperatures fall but the von Mises stress increases with a longer design length of the leading edge. These two temperatures and the stress rise remarkably at a higher Mach number. Under all investigated hypersonic conditions, with a 3 mm leading edge radius and a0.15 m design length, the maximum stress exceeds the yield strength of Inconel 625 at Mach numbers greater than 6, which means a material failure. Moreover, both C-103 and T-111 meet all requirements at Mach number 6–8.