火星科学实验室进入舱防热材料的发展及相关气动热试验

简要回顾了人类火星探测并成功着陆火星的历史,对火星的基本情况及进入环境进行了介绍。对火星科学实验室项目情况、飞向火星的过程及进入气动热环境进行了描述。详细介绍了火星科学实验室进入舱防热材料的发展及相关气动热试验。     

含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的感度特性

采用超声分散复合法制备了铝热剂Al/PbO、Al/CuO和A1/Bi2O3,在评估其与双基推进剂主要组分相容性的基础上,将其应用于双基推进剂中.依据国军标方法考察了含不同铝热剂双基(MIC-DB)推进剂的机械感度,运用静电火花感度测试仪评估了不同MIC-DB推进剂对静电刺激响应的危险性,采用爆发点法测定了几种MIC-DB推进剂的热感度.结果表明,铝热剂对双基推进剂样品撞击感度的影响很小,几个配方的摩擦感度略显稍大,铝热剂种类对摩擦感度的影响很小;含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的静电火花感度均较低;含超级铝热剂双基推进剂的热感度受铝粉粒度差异和铝热剂类别(铝热剂中金属氧化物)不同的影响,含纳米级超级铝热剂双基推进剂对热的抵抗能力均比微米级的大.     

关于单元表面吸收率的系统温度误差计算

利用系统灵敏度理论和系统误差统计理论,通过引入辐射传递系数和角系数间的关系,针对漫发射、漫反射热系统,提出了关于单元表面吸收率的系统温度误差计算方法。以立方体内表面间的辐射换热为例,采用该计算方法对系统温度误差进行了计算。通过分析比较表明:采用该方法得到系统温度灵敏度具有较高计算精度,系统统计温度误差受实验次数影响,并且在均方差较小的情况下,系统统计温度误差之比等于系统温度灵敏度之比的绝对值。     

平板型CPL的设计与实验研究

在对毛细抽吸两相流体回路(CPL)系统进行了系统分析的基础上,设计了平板型CPL,并且搭建了CPL系统实验平台,做了各种工况的启动实验和变热负荷实验。实验结果表明,多孔芯冷凝器平板型CPL系统具有良好的启动性能,并且系统在运行过程中工作稳定,较好地抑制了系统的压力波动。     

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

纳米NiO/CNTs复合粒子的制备及其对AP和AP/HTPB热分解的影响

以碳纳米管(CNTs)为载体,采用化学沉淀法制备了不同摩尔比的NiO/CNTs复合粒子,采用透射电子显微镜、X-ray衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、比表面积分析仪等表征手段对产物的结构进行了表征,并用差示扫描量热仪研究了NiO/CNTs复合粒子对AP及AP/HTPB推进剂热分解的催化作用。结果表明:NiO/CNTs复合粒子结晶好、包覆均匀、比表面积大。NiO/CNTs(nNiO:nCNTs=1:4)复合粒子可使AP和AP/HTPB推进剂的高温分解峰温分别降低了92.24℃和42.2℃,使总表观分解热分别增加了1 086 J/g和730 J/g,表现出显著的催化性能,其催化性能明显优于纯纳米NiO和纯CNTs。碳纳米管的独特结构和载体支撑作用是NiO/CNTs复合粒子的催化性能强于纳米NiO的主要原因。     

The Geophysics of Mercury: Current Status and Anticipated Insights from the MESSENGER Mission

Current geophysical knowledge of the planet Mercury is based upon observations from ground-based astronomy and flybys of the Mariner 10 spacecraft, along with theoretical and computational studies. Mercury has the highest uncompressed density of the terrestrial planets and by implication has a metallic core with a radius approximately 75% of the planetary radius. Mercury’s spin rate is stably locked at 1.5 times the orbital mean motion. Capture into this state is the natural result of tidal evolution if this is the only dissipative process affecting the spin, but the capture probability is enhanced if Mercury’s core were molten at the time of capture. The discovery of Mercury’s magnetic field by Mariner 10 suggests the possibility that the core is partially molten to the present, a result that is surprising given the planet’s size and a surface crater density indicative of early cessation of significant volcanic activity. A present-day liquid outer core within Mercury would require either a core sulfur content of at least several weight percent or an unusual history of heat loss from the planet’s core and silicate fraction. A crustal remanent contribution to Mercury’s observed magnetic field cannot be ruled out on the basis of current knowledge. Measurements from the MESSENGER orbiter, in combination with continued ground-based observations, hold the promise of setting on a firmer basis our understanding of the structure and evolution of Mercury’s interior and the relationship of that evolution to the planet’s geological history.     

热喷涂技术在循环流化床锅炉中的应用

分析了循环流化床锅炉的磨损及原因,阐述了国内外用于高温抗冲蚀磨损热喷涂防护涂层的研究和应用进展.     

电子封装用金属基复合材料的研究现状

本文介绍了电子封装用金属基复合材料的研究现状 ,分别从基体、增强体、制备工艺几方面讨论了其对复合材料性能的影响 ,着重介绍了作为电子封装材料应用前景较好的高比例SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其已部分实现规模工业化生产的铸造法。并进一步提出了尚待解决的问题     

准直光学系统热变形对太阳模拟器性能影响研究

为了给太阳模拟器系统热管理提供可靠的技术依据,研究了准直光学系统热变形对系统性能的影响。选取项目组自主研发的高精度太阳模拟器准直光学系统作为研究对象,利用有限元软件仿真实际工作条件下各光学元件表面温度及热变形分布,将通光表面变形数据拟合为泽尼克系数导入光学设计软件中,分析热变形对系统准直角误差及辐照均匀度影响。研究结果表明：在未采取温控措施的自然对流条件下,热变形造成±1′的准直角误差和41.3%的辐照不均匀度,超出允许范围,需进行温控。通过光机集成分析法,给出了不同温度下,对流系数与热变形导致的准直角误差和辐照不均匀度对应关系,为风冷温控系统工程化设计提供了依据。