航空机电作动器神经网络快速终端滑模控制

目前机电作动器由于具有干净、维护方便等优点,越来越受到航空业的青睐。航空机电作动器的特点是控制精度、稳定性和响应速度要求高,针对以上特点,提出了一种基于多层神经网络的快速终端滑模控制策略。为了提高航空作动器响应速度和跟踪精度,设计了快速终端滑模控制策略,不仅可以加快系统响应而且可以在无扰动情况下实现系统的有限时间稳定。针对系统参数不确定性和外部扰动,设计多层神经网络进行估计并通过前馈方法加以补偿。针对神经网络的重构误差,设计了非线性鲁棒项加以克服。利用李亚普洛夫稳定性定理证明了控制系统在有扰动情况下可以实现有界稳定。实验结果表明：所设计的控制器具有良好的参数自适应和抗干扰能力,同时具有更高的跟踪精度和更快的响应速度。     

Coordinated attitude control for flexible spacecraft formation with actuator configuration misalignment

This paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem for flexible spacecraft formation with the consideration of actuator configuration misalignment. First, an integral-type sliding mode adaptive control law is designed to compensate the effects of flexible mode, environmental disturbance and actuator installation deviation. The basic idea of the Integral-type Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is to design a proper sliding manifold so that the sliding mode starts from the initial time instant, and thus the robustness of the system can be guaranteed from the beginning of the process and the reaching phase is eliminated. Then, considering the nominal system of spacecraft formation based on directed topology, an attitude cooperative control strategy is developed for the nominal system with or without communication delay. The proposed control law can guarantee that for each spacecraft in the spacecraft formation, the desired attitude objective can be achieved and the attitude synchronization can be maintained with other spacecraft in the formation. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

模型预混燃烧室线性稳定性分析

针对钝体火焰稳定器结构的模型预混燃烧室进行了线性稳定性分析.利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件求解了三维Helmoholtz方程,方程的源项为耦合指数-延迟时间模型.对模型预混燃烧室进行非定常计算得到了化学反应速率的周期性变化,确定了非定常热释放发生在火焰的尖端.由压力和温度信号的相位差得到了当量比为0.72,0.8,0.88,0.97四个工况的延迟时间,分别为0.6,0.3,0.9,0.6ms.线性稳定性分析得到了模型预混燃烧室系统纵向模态频率的实部和虚部,当虚部为负数时表示线性不稳定.结果显示:系统的前5阶纵向模态中,2~4阶是线性不稳定的.其中3阶纵向模态的虚部绝对值最大,它的物理意义是对小扰动的增长率最大.因此在有扰动时,3阶纵向模态最有可能线性失稳,产生燃烧不稳定性现象.      

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

波束跃度对星载SAR滑聚模式成像影响分析

针对星载合成孔径雷达(SAR,Synthetic Aperture Radar)滑动聚束模式方位向天线波束无法实现空间连续运动而引入虚假目标的问题,提出了波束跃度对成像质量影响的定量化分析方法.首先在方位向天线波束控制前提下,构建了星载SAR滑动聚束模式回波信号的数学模型.在此基础上,采用成对回波理论定性与定量化分析了波束跃度对成像质量的影响,尤其给出了天线最小波束跃度与虚假目标幅度和位置的定量映射关系,并讨论了不同波段下,虚假目标对分辨率、峰值旁瓣比、积分旁瓣比以及系统增益的影响,为系统顶层合理论证天线最小波束跃度指标提供了可靠的理论依据.通过计算机仿真实验验证了提出的理论分析方法的正确性.     

基于无速度测量的无拖曳卫星自适应控制方法

为了实现无拖曳（Drag Free）卫星中卫星本体对内部质量块的高精度跟踪,首先推导了近地环境下卫星与质量块的相对运动动力学方程,并分析了影响二者相对运动的主要干扰源。针对位移模式单质量块Drag Free卫星只能获取质量块与卫星相对位置测量,设计了自适应控制器,适用于卫星质量和空间干扰为定常或慢变未知量的情况,且在卫星质量和外部干扰为未知常值的假设下,控制器能够保证卫星对质量块跟踪误差的全局渐近收敛。最后给出了仿真场景以说明本文方法的有效性。     

激光模式对典型金属材料烧蚀影响的数值模拟研究

利用自编的LAMP程序计算了铝、镁和钛等3种金属材料的激光烧蚀温度场,重点分析了激光作用模式对烧蚀效果的影响,并考虑了材料表面反射系数随温度变化的情况。计算结果表明,对于同样的金属靶,当光斑和激光平均功率相同时,重频频率小、占空比小的激光烧蚀贯穿靶所需的时间最少。     

一种使用RBF网络的自适应滑模控制器

针对实际系统易受未知非线性、外界干扰和参数摄动等不确定因素影响的问题,以高精度模拟转台为例,采用一种基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)网络的自适应滑模控制器.控制器由名义反馈控制器和滑模干扰补偿器两个子系统组成.反馈控制器通过极点配置的方法实现,用来稳定名义系统.干扰补偿器使用一个自适应RBF网络在线辨识不确定性的上界值.计算机仿真结果表明了该法的鲁棒性和有效性.     

倾转涵道倾转过渡阶段的非定常气动力

为研究倾转涵道动力装置在倾转过渡阶段的非定常气动力,使用基于滑移网格技术的非定常计算方法,利用基于内场信息和叶素理论的压力盘模型模拟风扇螺旋桨,通过求解Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,对涵道风扇俯仰拉起过程进行数值模拟.结果表明:在倾转过程中涵道风扇非定常气动力的迟滞特性明显,俯仰角速度延迟了流场分离,增加了涵道风扇的升力和阻力;低速飞行时,涵道风扇在整个倾转过渡阶段气动性能优良;在高速大迎角飞行时,涵道风扇气动性能恶化,俯仰力矩曲线紊乱,不利于进行倾转过渡飞行.      

基于多尺度梯度及深度神经网络的汉字识别

介绍了一种基于多尺度滑动窗的方法提取文字的梯度直方图特征,并结合深度神经网络对印刷体汉字进行识别.针对梯度直方图的空间关系,使用可伸缩的滑动窗对图像进行分割,在不同尺度上获取文字的特征信息,有效融合汉字的全局特征和局部分块特征.实验采用5层的深度神经网络模型对国标一级3755个印刷体汉字进行分类,并应用Dropout技术防止训练过拟合,提高神经网络的泛化能力.实验准确率达到98.292%,有较好的识别性能,验证了本文多尺度梯度特征及深度神经网络模型在文字识别上的有效性.