弹射动力系统燃气发生器流热固耦合数值研究

为了判断弹射动力系统燃气发生器工作的安全性,需要预示工作过程中燃气发生器壳体的力学响应。基于软件CFX和ANSYS,建立了燃气发生器复合结构流热固耦合仿真模型。对燃气发生器内流场和结构温度场进行流热耦合计算,并将壳体温度场计算结果与试验数据进行对比,再将算得的燃气压强分布与结构温度场分布导入ANSYS以计算结构的力学响应。计算结果表明,燃气发生器工作过程中,直筒段最高温度点位于直筒段与后封头连接的绝热层缝隙处,后封头最高温度点位于后封头与喉衬配合部位的上游端。结构最高温度值仅354K,说明热防护良好;直筒段和后封头壳体主体区域应力安全系数>3,满足设计要求,而在法兰附近圆角过渡处外壁存在应力集中,最大应力处安全系数降为1.13,燃气发生器壳体仍处于安全状态,但存在安全裕度显著降低的风险。     

Cutting tool temperature prediction method using analytical model for end milling

Dramatic tool temperature variation in end milling can cause excessive tool wear and shorten its life, especially in machining of difficult-to-machine materials. In this study, a new analyt-ical model-based method for the prediction of cutting tool temperature in end milling is presented. The cutting cycle is divided into temperature increase and decrease phases. For the temperature increase phase, a temperature prediction model considering real friction state between the chip and tool is proposed, and the heat flux and tool-chip contact length are then obtained through finite element simulation. In the temperature decrease phase, a temperature decrease model based on the one-dimension plate heat convection is proposed. A single wire thermocouple is employed to mea-sure the tool temperature in the conducted milling experiments. Both of the theoretical and experi-mental results are obtained with cutting conditions of the cutting speed ranging from 60 m/min to 100 m/min, feed per tooth from 0.12 mm/z to 0.20 mm/z, and the radial and axial depth of cut respec-tively being 4 mm and 0.5 mm. The comparison results show high agreement between the physical cutting experiments and the proposed cutting tool temperature prediction method.     

Design and experimental performance verification of a thermal property test-bed for lunar drilling exploration

Chinese Chang'e lunar exploration project aims to collect and return subsurface lunar soil samples at a minimum penetration depth of 2 m in 2017. However, in contrast to those on the Earth, automated drilling and sampling missions on the Moon raise the risk of burning bits.Test-beds are required for testing the thermal properties of drill tools in a lunar environment. In this paper, a novel temperature measuring method based on thermocouples and a slip ring was proposed. Furthermore, a data acquisition system for a drilling process was designed. A vacuous,cryogenic, and anhydrous soil environment simulating the lunar surface was established. A drilling test-bed that can reach a depth of 2.2 m was developed. A control strategy based on online monitoring signals was proposed to improve the drilling performance. Vacuum and non-vacuum experiments were performed to test the temperature rising effect on drill tools. When compared with the non-vacuum experiment, the vacuum temperature rise resulted in a 12 °C increase. These experimental results provide significant support for Chinese lunar exploration missions.     

基于交叉验证的陀螺仪温度漂移建模方法

根据k次交叉验证思想,分别在测量方差已知与未知的情况下引入了一种模型选择准则,该准则充分考虑了模型的拟合能力与预测能力,在获得极大似然估计的同时,避免了参数估计中的过拟合问题。利用这一准则,对陀螺仪误差系数温度漂移建模进行了分析,获得了温度漂移的最优多项式模型。并与传统的AIC准则、MDL准则进行对比,通过Monte Carlo仿真说明了该选择准则在样本较小的情况下具有更好的性质。     

沉积速率及其对喷管壁温影响的理论研究

固体火箭发动机喷管的沉积不仅影响发动机工作性能也影响喷管壁表面和壁内的温度随时间的变化规律,本文根据沉积过程的传热模型计算了三氧化二铝在固体火箭发动机喷管喉部的沉积速率,与实验结果相符合,并计算了在沉积过程中喷管壁内温度分布随时间的变化过程,数值计算表明,在沉积的初始阶段由于凝相粒子所释放的热量将增加向喷管壁内的传热,温度上升比没有沉积时要快,随着沉积层的加厚逐渐阻挡气相向喷管壁的传热,而使壁内的温度随时间的增加有一个峰,理论与实验结论一致。     

浇铸火箭发动机推进剂固化升温时间估算

对浇注火箭固体推进剂,药浆固化升温是一个不稳定的传热过程。发动机尺寸愈大,固化升温时间愈长。本文用有限差分法计算传热时间,根据实验获得药浆固化时的热性质参数和温度之间的函数关系;并计算得到发动机尺寸、升温时间与温度变化的关系。     

计算辐射冷却推力室不稳定温度场的隐式格式

导出了计算液体火箭发动机辐射冷却推力室不稳定温度场的隐式差分格式,并作了线性化处理。据此编制通用程序,可以计算任意辐射冷却推力室的不稳定温度场。     

全息法测量火焰温度探讨

介绍了用全息二次曝光法测量火焰温度的原理与实验装置，并对稳定火焰进行了测量，获得了火焰内锥顶部一个水平截面上的温度分布。在火争内锥顶和该方法测温仅与用热电偶测得结果相差约４％。     

基于重力梯度杆和磁铁的小卫星三轴姿态控制

运用卫星低轨道两个主要环境力矩（重力梯度矩和地磁力矩）对圆轨道卫星三轴姿态进行被动控制。利用重力梯度矩实现卫星对地指向：卫星上的永久磁铁获取所需的地磁力矩,稳定偏航姿态。给出卫星的姿态分析,并给出仿真结果。从分析和仿真结果可以看出,此卫星具有结构简单、时刻对地定向、低轨道倾角时卫星姿态稳定精度较高的优点。     

光纤陀螺温度建模及补偿技术研究

研究了干涉式光纤陀螺的温度补偿问题。首先分析了光纤陀螺仪温度漂移的主要影响因素，并应用人工神经网络与数理统计方法建立了陀螺仪的温度补偿模型。最后对某型号陀螺进行了0～50℃环境温度下的大量恒温及变温实验，通过实验数据完善所建模型并完成了对该陀螺的温度补偿。实验结果表明：在特定温度环境下，该方法能够有效地改善光纤陀螺仪零偏稳定性。