卫星导航进近技术进展

全球卫星定位系统（GNSS）增强系统能提供全天候无间断的卫星导航信号，可以辅助飞机进行进近。本文介绍了全球卫星导航系统进近着陆系统的基本组成、工作原理和功能特点，并对国内外研究进展进行了阐述。针对GNSS进近研究中的热点问题，重点论述了地基增强系统（GBAS）、星基增强系统（SBAS）、用户自主完好性监测（RAIM）等技术的发展现状，指出了GNSS进近技术实际工程应用仍然存在的问题，探讨了GNSS进近技术未来的发展方向。     

End-to-end validation process for the INTA-Nanosat-1B Attitude Control System

This paper describes the end-to-end validation process for the Attitude Control Subsystem (ACS) of the satellite INTA-NanoSat-1B (NS-1B). This satellite was launched on July 2009 and it has been fully operative since then. The development of its ACS modules required an exhaustive integration and a system-level validation program. Some of the tests were centred on the validation of the drivers of sensors and actuators and were carried out over the flying model of the satellite. Others, more complex, constituted end-to-end tests where the concurrency of modules, the real-time control requirements and even the well-formedness of the telemetry data were verified. This work presents an incremental and highly automatised way for performing the ACS validation program based on two development suites and an end-to-end validation environment. The validation environment combines a Flat Satellite (FlatSat) configuration and a real-time emulator working in closed-loop. The FlatSat is built using the NS-1B Qualification Model (QM) hardware and it can run a complete version of the on-board software with the ACS modules fully integrated. The real-time emulator, running on an industrial PC, samples the actuation signals and emulates the sensors signals to close the control loop with the FlatSat. This validation environment constitutes a low-cost alternative to the classical three axes tilt table, with the advantage of being easily configured for working under specific orbit conditions, in accordance with any of the selected tests. The approach has been successfully applied to the NS-1B in order to verify different ACS modes under multiple orbit scenarios, providing an exhaustive coverage and reducing the risk of eventual errors during the satellite's lifetime. The strategy was applied also during the validation of the maintenance and reconfiguration procedures required once the satellite was launched. This paper describes in detail the complete ACS validation process that was performed and it shows the most relevant errors detected and fixed during testing. Finally it summarises some of the most significant conclusions.     

以主轴系统刚度与总功耗之比值为目标函数的液体静压轴承优化设计方法

本文介绍以主轴系统刚度与总功耗之比值最大比值最大为目标函数、主轴系统刚度的校验准则为主要约束条件的液体静压轴承优化设计方法，与普通设计方法相比，两种不同结构液体静压承经优化设计后，其单位总功耗的主轴系统刚度都成倍增加。     

Solar Nebula Magnetohydrodynamics

The dynamical state of the solar nebula depends critically upon whether or not the gas is magnetically coupled. The presence of a subthermal field will cause laminar flow to break down into turbulence. Magnetic coupling, in turn, depends upon the ionization fraction of the gas. The inner most region of the nebula (≲0.1 AU) is magnetically well-coupled, as is the outermost region (≳10 AU). The magnetic status of intermediate scales (∼1 AU) is less certain. It is plausible that there is a zone adjacent to the inner disk in which turbulent heating self-consistently maintains the requisite ionization levels. But the region adjacent to the active outer disk is likely to be magnetically ``dead.' Hall currents play a significant role in nebular magnetohydrodynamics. Though still occasionally argued in the literature, there is simply no evidence to support the once standard claim that differential rotation in a Keplerian disk is prone to break down into shear turbulence by nonlinear instabilities. There is abundant evidence—numerical, experimental, and analytic—in support of the stabilizing role of Coriolis forces. Hydrodynamical turbulence is almost certainly not a source of enhanced turbulence in the solar nebula, or in any other astrophysical accretion disk. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于角度量列为基本量的探讨

在SI国际单位制中,平面角是导出量,平面角的单位“弧度”是辅助单位。但是,平面角既不能由长度基本单位导出,又不能溯源至长度基本单位,因此不能确立导出关系。平面角应用广泛,作用重要,具有独特的性能,符合基本量的要求,因此提出：平面角,简称“角度”,是基本量;平面角的单位“度、（角）分、（角）秒”,是基本单位,以供探讨。     

Highly reliable relative navigation for multi-UAV formation flight in urban environments

Formation flight of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is expected to bring significant benefits to a wide range of applications. Accurate and reliable relative position information is a prerequisite to safely maintain a fairly close distance between UAVs and to achieve inner-system collision avoidance. However, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements are vulnerable to erroneous signals in urban canyons, which could potentially lead to catastrophic consequences. Accordingly, on the basis of performing relative positioning with double differenced pseudoranges, this paper develops an integrity monitoring framework to improve navigation integrity (a measure of reliability) in urban environments. On the one hand, this framework includes a fault detection and exclusion scheme to protect against measurement faults. To accommodate urban scenarios, spatial dependence in the faults are taken into consideration by this scheme. On the other hand, relative protection level is rigorously derived to describe the probabilistic error bound of the navigation output. This indicator can be used to evaluate collision risk and to warn collision danger in real time. The proposed algorithms are validated by both simulations and flight experiments. Simulation results quantitatively reveal the sensitivity of navigation performance to receiver configurations and environmental conditions. And experimental results suggest high efficiency and effectiveness of the new integrity monitoring framework.     

A high dynamics algorithm based on steepest ascent method for GNSS receiver

High dynamic conditions impose critical challenges on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, leading to large tracking errors or even loss of tracking. Current methods that intend to improve receivers’ adaptability for high dynamics require either complicated structures or prior statistical information of noises. This paper proposes a high dynamics algorithm based on steepest ascent method that can circumvent the deficiencies of existing methods. First, the relationship between the error of carrier tracking and the maximum of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) outputs is established, and a performance function based on the steepest ascent method is designed. It can keep stable in high dynamics. Second, a new carrier-tracking loop is constructed by deploying the performance function. When the variation of GPS receiver acceleration ranges from 10 g to 100 g, compared with the PLL that either loses lock or keeps tracking accuracy less than 33.89 Hz, the experimental results show that the proposed method can not only keep tracking, but also achieve tracking accuracy more than 2.77 Hz.     

基于分层置信规则库的惯导系统性能评估方法

为解决惯导系统（INS）性能评估所面临的高价值样本缺失、评估指标多、系统复杂等问题,提出一种基于分层置信规则库（Hierarchical BRB）的惯导系统性能评估方法。将专家知识与监测数据进行有效融合,提高了惯导系统的性能评估精度。首先,针对惯导系统结构构建分层BRB模型,同时将系统内部器件产生组合误差考虑在模型中。其次,为降低专家知识不确定性对初始模型评估精度的影响,采用基于投影算子的协方差矩阵自适应优化策略（P-CMA-ES）构建优化模型,通过监测数据对模型参数进行微调。最后,以某型捷联惯导系统的性能评估为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

近距平行跑道容量评估与优化

本文系统地归纳了各种制约近距平行跑道运行容量的因素,并对比单跑道容量评估方法,针对不同运行模式提出了容量评估思路。同时结合实际工作中可能遇到的运行方式提出具体的调整适用方法,为近距跑道的优化使用提出建议。     

智能Agent的理论、体系结构和语言分析

从理论、体系结构和语言三个方面,对Agent的主要技术和研究现状进行综合分析介绍,并通过一个应用实例对Agent的设计实现作分析说明。