基于RIPless理论的层析SAR成像航迹分布优化方法

层析合成孔径雷达成像(TomoSAR)是通过同一观测区域不同入射角的多幅二维合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像在高程向进行孔径合成,从而实现三维成像。近年来,压缩感知(CS)被用于高程向稀疏场景的重建,高程向重建质量取决于观测矩阵的性质,而航迹分布是影响观测矩阵重构性能的重要因素。相比于度量观测矩阵重构性能的其他约束条件,RIPless理论具有有效、直观和计算简单等优点。提出了一种基于RIPless理论的压缩感知层析SAR成像航迹分布优化准则,从而在航迹数目一定的情况下,获取最优分布以实现高程向优化重建。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提优化准则的有效性。     

基于Hybrid-TOPS的星载SAR运动目标监视新模式

针对传统星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)模式下运动目标测速范围有限、精度低等问题,本文提出了一种基于Hybrid-TOPS的星载SAR运动目标监视新模式。首先,利用混合度因子对星载SAR成像模式进行定量化的描述。在此基础上,通过TOPS模式与逆TOPS模式的组合提出一种运动目标监视新模式,该模式不仅能实现对同一区域的多次观测,且具有方位向连续观测的能力。然后,利用新模式所获取的不同方位向观测角度下的SAR序贯图像,再结合图像配准和基于新模式的运动目标参数反演即完成目标方位向速度信息的精确提取。最后,仿真验证了新模式的有效性与运动信息提取的精确性。      

基于小卫星编队的稀疏孔径遥感技术

介绍了实现稀疏孔径系统的迈克尔逊干涉和斐索干涉的两种干涉成像原理,讨论了实现稀疏孔径探测和成像的子孔径的空间布局、相位一致和图像恢复,分析了载荷展开,卫星编队中的编队卫星轨道设计、空间基线测量与控制,以及光机技术等工程化实现的关键技术。     

小卫星高分辨率成像系统

对小卫星对地观测高分辨率成像系统进行了综述。介绍了国内外有极高分辨率（0．5～1．0m）、高分辨率（1．8～2．5m）和中高分辨率（4-10m）小卫星光学成像系统的性能,并与合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像系统进行了比较。给出了小卫星光学成像系统、SAR高分辨率成像系统和卫星平台的关键技术。讨论了未来小卫星及其高分辨率成像系统技术的发展趋势。     

星载SAR椭圆轨道全零多普勒导引方法研究

多普勒中心频率在星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像中,直接影响方位向的模糊度及图像的定位精度。全零多普勒导引方法通过调整偏航角和俯仰角,使多普勒中心频率为零,但现有方法都导致残余多普勒中心频率较大。文章利用椭圆轨道下多普勒中心频率的表达式,将多普勒中心频率分为仅与俯仰角相关部分,以及与俯仰角和偏航角都相关的部分,令两部分分...     

TOPSAR data focusing based on azimuth scaling preprocessing

Both Doppler spectral aliasing and azimuth output time folding simultaneously exist in TOPSAR (Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans) raw data. Resampling in both Doppler frequency and azimuth time domain can resolve the azimuth aliasing problem but with the seriously increased computational complexity and memory consumption. According to the special characteristics of TOPSAR raw data support in the slow time/frequency domain (TFD), the presented azimuth scaling preprocessing step is introduced to not only resolve the Doppler spectral aliasing problem but also reduce the increased azimuth samples. Furthermore, the correction of sawtoothed azimuth antenna pattern (AAP) becomes easy to be implemented. The following conventional stripmap processor can be adopted to focus the residual TOPSAR raw data but with the result of azimuth aliased TOPSAR image. The mosaic approach, which has been presented to unfold azimuth aliased ScanSAR image, is exploited to resolve the problem of azimuth output folding in TOPSAR mode. Simulation results and pulse response parameters are given to validate the presented imaging approach.     

InSAR成像匹配制导技术

为了解决飞行器远程全天候高精度自主导航的问题,提出一种InSAR成像匹配制导技术,利用InSAR生成的高程数据与基准高程图进行精确匹配,并通过构象模型反演出飞行器的空间位置。分析对比了多种精确地形匹配方法,采用基于F.Leberl数学模型的空间定位方法并分析了误差影响。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现飞行器高精度自主导航定位,大大提高飞行器的适应性和抗干扰能力。     

基于稀疏阵列和码分信号的机载预警雷达STAP研究

基于稀疏阵列和码分正交信号,研究了机载雷达的空时自适应处理（STAP）技术,用于空中预警背景下的地面杂波抑制和运动目标探测。提出了稀疏阵列码分多相位中心孔径综合方法,采用正交编码信号实现多发多收,使综合后不同编码信号的相位中心在数量和分布情况上和满阵天线的相同,从而避免了稀疏阵列天线旁瓣较高的问题;在孔径综合的基础上,利用空时自适应处理方法完成杂波抑制,实现运动目标检测。仿真结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

Lumped element modelling of synthetic jet actuators

In this paper, a lumped element model of synthetic jet actuator is presented and used to predict the temporal variation of the jet velocity. Unlike the previous model reported in the literature, in this model the mechanical movement of the diaphragm is decoupled from the fluid phenomenon in the actuator cavity to allow the modelling of fluid mechanics aspect of the actuator to be investigated and validated separately. Furthermore, the “minor losses” occurring at the orifice exit is included and linked to the jet exit velocity profile. The results from this model are validated using the existing experimental data and CFD simulations. It is found that this model is capable of predicting the temporal variation of synthetic jets both in phase and magnitude when the actuator is operating away from the Helmholtz resonance frequency. Although the model fails to predict the correct phase information at the Helmholtz resonance frequency, it can still produce the jet peak velocity that is in good agreement with the experimental data. The lumped element model presented in this paper can be used to provide a reliable prediction of the jet peak velocity needed in the initial design of synthetic jet actuators for practical applications.     

分数傅立叶变换用于抑制SAR杂波背景检测慢速动目标

慢速运动目标在时、空、频域上都落入主杂波区。利用单通道SAR图像中静止背景的信息抑制静止杂波,可改善检测动目标的性能。分数傅立叶变换是线性变换,不存在交叉项,采用分数傅立叶变换搜索匹配动目标信号,使其能量汇聚。对称计算旋转角正负对称的分数傅立叶变换,在两个对称的分数傅立叶域中得到两个复信号,这两个复信号中静止背景的模处处相同,而包含动目标的区域,模的幅度有很大差别,计算对称的分数傅立叶域信号对应位置模的差,取绝对值,可对消静止背景,敏锐地检测动目标。实测数据表明本算法有效。