低信噪比图像目标检测技术研究——Ⅰ.数据流程与背景感知

提出了一种将背景区域感知与目标特征分析相结合的自动提取图像目标的层次化数据处理流程;探讨了线性预测估计和非线性均值滤波两种常用背景估计技术和自适应空间滤波的形态学背景感知方法。实验测评表明,形态滤波算法对背景的自适应感知能力强,能真实贴切地反映图像背景的起伏变化规律。     

某机载计算机电磁辐射分析与抑制研究

机栽计算机外接电缆无法采取屏蔽措施时将导致计算机对外电磁辐射水平升高,为了避免机载计算机电磁辐射水平超出规定的范围,需要采取更加有效的电磁辐射抑制措施.通过分析某型号机载计算机的电气组成,找出了影响其电磁辐射水平的主要因素;依据延长电磁辐射传播路径,增加辐射路径上的电磁波损耗的思路在总线选型、电磁辐射路径规划、辐射衰减方法、电磁屏蔽设计、PCB设计、接地设计和电磁辐射测量等几方面提出了行之有效的电磁辐射抑制方法.试验结果表明,方法可以有效地解决电磁辐射的问题.     

柔性航天器姿态机动轨迹设计及跟踪控制

针对柔性航天器姿态机动的“快速性”及“稳定性”矛盾,研究了一种优化与控制综合的姿态机动轨迹设计与跟踪控制方法。首先,考虑柔性航天器姿态机动过程中既快又稳的需求,建立姿态机动的多目标多约束条件,优化获得姿态机动轨迹,在满足快速性基础上,最大限度提高稳定性;其次,设计新型的快速鲁棒输入成形器(FRIS),与传统输入成形器相比,FRIS具有更短的作用时间及更强的鲁棒性,能够有效抑制柔性附件振动,为姿态机动的“快速性”及“高精度”奠定基础;最后,设计新型自适应连续终端滑模控制器(ACTSMC),避免增益过估计,提高控制精度,实现对期望姿态轨迹的有限时间快速高精度跟踪控制。数值仿真校验了所提方法的有效性。     

基于多控制面的二元机翼扭转变形抑制研究

针对前掠机翼的扭转发散,以加装前、后缘控制面且刚心靠后的二元机翼为模型,基于CFD/CSD松耦合静气弹数值计算方法,提出了一种基于多控制面的二元机翼扭转变形抑制方法。计算结果表明,前缘控制面单独上偏时,气动特性较差,扭转变形特性较好;后缘控制面单独下偏时,气动特性较好,扭转变形特性较差;前、后缘控制面联合偏转时,融合了两者单独偏转时各自的优势,在尽量减少气动性能损失的基础上降低了扭转变形峰值。该研究可为多控制面在前掠翼扭转发散主动抑制中的应用提供参考。     

小波变换与SVD结合的射频信号消噪方法

射频信号因具备空间远距离传输特性被广泛应用于航天测控等领域,但空间磁场、信道、设备元器件等会引入大量噪声干扰,对射频信号的传播及后续分析处理造成影响。而目前关于射频信号消噪的研究很少,针对此问题,对比研究了传统滤波器消噪、小波阈值法及SVD(Singular Value Decomposition,奇异值分解)法在射频信号消噪方面的应用,仿真分析了各算法对有用射频信号的提取效果,从而发现3种方法均能起到噪声抑制的作用,但是,滤波器法明显会降低信号能量,小波变换法易使重构信号失真,而SVD法则运算时间较长。为此,提出将小波阈值法与SVD相结合,用于射频信号消噪。再通过比对各方法消噪的性能指标,验证了将2种方法结合,可有效提高运算效率及噪声抑制能力。     

一种机载雷达两级降维空时二维自适应处理方法

 提出了一种机载相控阵雷达杂波抑制的两级降维空时自适应处理(STAP)方法,即：先根据杂波分布先验信息进行空时局域化(JDL)降维处理,然后对局域化输出进行多级维纳滤波(MWF),实现二次降维。该方法综合了固定结构和自适应结构降维技术的优点,将JDL处理引入到MWF中,从而有效降低MWF的杂波自由度。计算机仿真和理论分析表明本文方法比JDL自适应处理方法和全空时MWF方法具有更小的运算量,对阵元随机幅相误差具有很好的容差能力,是一种稳健的两级降维自适应处理方法。最后,基于仿真和实测数据的实验验证了算法的有效性。     

风电场雷达杂波动态重构抑制方法

随着风电场的大范围建设，风轮机杂波对雷达的干扰问题日益严重，常规杂波抑制方法难以有效解决风轮机杂波（WTC）干扰问题，因此提出了一种利用动态字典对风轮机杂波进行稀疏重构进而抑制的方法。首先，建立了WTC干扰下的雷达信号模型并分析了风轮机杂波的信号特征。其次，依据WTC的时频特征提出了一种微动参数粗估计方法，利用粗估计结果缩小了字典稀疏重构参数范围，在此基础上利用正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法对字典进行动态生成，并逐级更新字典原子。最后，通过动态字典对风轮机杂波信号进行稀疏重构，从而实现了对WTC的有效抑制。通过仿真实验，分析了风轮机杂波对目标检测的干扰影响，验证了基于动态稀疏重构的风电场杂波抑制方法在不同情况下的有效性。     

Robust H∞ controller design for attitude stabilization of flexible spacecraft with input constraints

This paper addresses the attitude stabilization and vibration suppression problem for flexible spacecraft subject to model parameter uncertainty, controller perturbations, external disturbances and input constraints. The attitude model of flexible spacecraft is described and converted into a state space form in terms of passive and active vibration suppression schemes. A novel state feedback controller is proposed based on the exactly available expectation of a new variable, which is introduced to model a randomly occurring controller gain perturbation. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of the nonfragile H_∞ controller considering input constraints are given based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in terms of additive perturbation and multiplicative perturbation. Then, the developed controller subject to required constraints can be obtained, where the nonfragile property is fully considered to improve the tolerance to uncertainties in the controller. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in attitude stabilization and vibration suppression, where it should be noted that the passive vibration suppression scheme is superior for high natural frequencies while the active vibration suppression scheme is superior for low natural frequencies. Moreover, the low natural frequencies have more influence on the performance of attitude stabilization and vibration suppression.     

Spiking-free HGO-based DSC for flexible joint manipulator

The tracking control problem for Flexible Joint Manipulator Control System(FJMCS)with unmeasurable states is addressed in this paper. Firstly, a High-Gain Observer(HGO) is constructed to estimate the unmeasurable states and the uncertainties. Then, a Dynamic Surface Control(DSC) scheme is developed by using the estimation of HGO. The newly proposed controller has two advantages over the existing methods:(A) a novel Spike Suppression Function(SSF) is developed to avoid the estimation spike proble...     

LPV modeling and controller design for body freedom flutter suppression subject to actuator saturation

In recent years, the Active Flutter Suppression (AFS) employing Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) framework has become a hot spot in the research field. Nevertheless, the flutter suppression technique is facing two severe challenges. On the one hand, due to the fatal risk of flight test near critical airspeed, it is hard to obtain the accurate mathematical model of the aeroelastic system from the testing data. On the other hand, saturation of the actuator may degrade the closed-loop performance, which was often neglected in the past work. To tackle these two problems, a new active controller design procedure is proposed to suppress flutter in this paper. Firstly, with the aid of LPV model order reduction method and State-space Model Interpolation of Local Estimates (SMILE) technique, a set of high-fidelity Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) models which are usually derived from flight tests at different subcritical airspeeds are reduced and interpolated to construct an LPV model of an aeroelastic system. And then, the unstable aeroelastic dynamics beyond critical airspeed are ‘predicted’ by extrapolating the resulting LPV model. Secondly, based on the control-oriented LPV model, an AFS controller in LPV framework which is composed of a nominal LPV controller and an LPV anti-windup compensator is designed to suppress the aeroelastic vibration and overcome the performance degradation caused by actuator saturation. Although the nominal LPV controller may have superior performance in linear simulation in which the saturation effect is ignored, the results of the numerical simulations show that the nominal LPV controller fails to suppress the Body Freedom Flutter (BFF) when encountering the actuator saturation. However, the LPV anti-windup compensator not only enhances the nominal controller’s performance but also helps the nominal controller to stabilize the unstable aeroelastic system when encountering serious actuator saturation.