烧结温度对WC增韧Al2O3陶瓷耐磨性的影响

采用热压 (HP)法制备了不同烧结温度下Al2 O3—WC复合陶瓷材料 ,通过单边切口梁 (SENB)法和三点弯曲等力学性能方法测出了室温下该材料的力学性能 ,对Al2 O3—WC复合陶瓷表面的摩擦磨损特性进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,Al2 O3—WC复合陶瓷在 (16 0 0± 10 )℃、2 5MPa下具有较优良的力学性能和较好的耐磨性 ,并且其耐磨性与抗弯强度和断裂韧性的变化趋势相同 ,与弹性模量和硬度无单调依赖关系。     

Introduction to Japanese exploration study to the moon

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) views the lunar lander SELENE-2 as the successor to the SELENE mission. In this presentation, the mission objectives of SELENE-2 are shown together with the present design status of the spacecraft. JAXA launched the Kaguya (SELENE) lunar orbiter in September 2007, and the spacecraft observed the Moon and a couple of small satellites using 15 instruments. As the next step in lunar exploration, the lunar lander SELENE-2 is being considered. SELENE-2 will land on the lunar surface and perform in-situ scientific observations, environmental investigations, and research for future lunar utilization including human activity. At the same time, it will demonstrate key technologies for lunar and planetary exploration such as precise and safe landing, surface mobility, and overnight survival. The lander will carry laser altimeters, image sensors, and landing radars for precise and safe landing. Landing legs and a precisely controlled propulsion system will also be developed. A rover is being designed to be able to travel over a wide area and observe featured terrain using scientific instruments. Since some of the instruments require long-term observation on the lunar surface, technology for night survival over more than 2 weeks needs to be considered. The SELENE-2 technologies are expected to be one of the stepping stones towards future Japanese human activities on the moon and to expand the possibilities for deep space science.     

Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Modified Aluminide Coating on Ni3Al-based Single Crystal Superalloy

Al, Al-Si and Cr-Al-Si coatings are prepared onto IC20 alloy by powder pack cementation to improve the oxidation resistance of the alloy. The isothermal oxidation behaviors of the coatings and the uncoated IC20 alloy at 1 100 °C are comparatively investigated. For the coatings, less weight gains are obtained compared to the uncoated alloy after 100 h thermal exposure. The Al-Si coating exhibits the best oxidation resistance, while the addition of Cr accelerates the scale spallation. Phase transformation from β-NiAl to γ and γ′ occurs in the coating after oxidation for extended periods. The oxidation protection and degradation mechanisms for these coatings are discussed.     

Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P Composite Coating on Mg Alloy： Critical Role of the Intermediate Phosphate Conversion Coating Layer for Suppressing Galvanic Couple Formation

Electroless nickel (EN) plating can give rise to the severe galvanic corrosion of the magnesium (Mg) alloy matrix, owing to its nobler electrochemical potential than Mg alloy. To hinder the formation of galvanic couple, an intermediate phosphate conversion coating (PCC) layer is introduced between the EN layer and the Mg alloy matrix. Since the ceramic-like PCC layer cannot be catalyzed, a low-cost Ag-activation technique is used to process the PCC layer before electroless plating. The cross-section morphology and element distribution of the PCC-EN composite coating indicate that the PCC intermediate layer can effectively separate the Mg alloy from the EN layer. Moreover, the results of electrochemical tests suggest that the PCC-EN composite coating has a better corrosion resistance in comparison with the EN coating and AZ91D Mg alloy.     

高超声速流动壁面催化复合气动加热特性

针对高超声速流动壁面催化特性,计算了不同壁面催化复合系数条件下的球锥驻点热环境。引入了经验证的数值求解Navier Stokes方程的方法,在不同壁温500K～2500K的条件下分别分析了O 2和N 2气体在壁面处的催化复合气动加热特性,得到如下结论：（1） 原子复合放热将提高近壁面温度梯度,改变近壁面组分分布;原子复合放热一部分加热飞行器形成组分扩散热流,一部分加热近壁气体提高近壁温度梯度。（2） 在壁面催化复合系数较小时,原子复合放热主要转化为组分扩散加热,对于不同壁面温度,壁面催化复合系数α<0.1时,单一气体反应组分扩散热流小于总热流的20%。     

具有凹陷涡发生器的网格冷却结构内的流动与传热特性

对一种具有U 形子通道以及凹陷涡发生器的新型网格冷却结构内的流动和传热特性进行了实验和数值计算研究,通过数值计算可以较准确地获得网格冷却结构的传热性能和流阻性能.在数值计算模型得到验证的基础上,还分别对具有U 形子通道和凹陷涡发生器的网格冷却结构,以及具有U 形和矩形子通道的网格冷却结构内的流动和传热性能进行了对比研究.对比研究表明:与矩形子通道相比,U 形子通道结构能够改善子通道底部的流动状况,降低流动阻力,但同时也略微降低了总体传热性能;在U 形子通道壁面上布置凹陷涡发生器能够显著增强底部流动扰动,大幅提高传热性能,但同时也增加了流动阻力.      

星载高精度环形网状天线设计方法

星载环形网状天线的质量小、型面几何精度好、结构刚度高,代表了现有大型可展开天线的先进水平。随着天线工作频率的不断提高,对型面精度提出了越来越高的要求。文章首先介绍了基于高精度环形天线组成和结构系统力学设计思想,讨论了实现高精度设计的基本原理。然后详细分析了高热稳定双层张力网对称设计方法和基于椭圆展开桁架的高精度设计方法,对称布局优化了网面系统的张力分布和系统刚度,能够提高网面抵抗热变形的能力。椭圆展开桁架保证了所有节点都在硬点上,能够提高系统的结构稳定性。椭圆结构有斜切和竖切两种方式,斜切方式实现了任意的角度旋转,所以能够选出较优的节点组合。     

带有安装边螺栓连接结构的机匣包容能力研究

为了研究带有安装边螺栓连接结构的机匣对断裂叶片的包容能力,截取环形机匣中的安装边螺栓连接结构,开展有限元仿真和冲击试验。首先,使用LS-DYNA软件建立有限元模型,研究撞击角度、撞击位置、定距套和止口对机匣安装边螺栓连接结构抗冲击能力的影响。仿真结果表明：撞击位置、撞击角度、定距套和止口都对结构的抗冲击能力有显著的影响,当叶片撞击在单侧机匣的安装边位置时结构的抗冲击能力最弱,定距套和合理的止口设计都能够有效提高结构的抗冲击能力。然后,通过机匣安装边螺栓连接结构的抗冲击试验,验证了数值仿真方法的准确性和可靠性,为数值仿真结论的有效性提供了依据。最后,通过数值仿真分析了螺栓断裂过程,并结合试验分析揭示了螺栓发生剪切断裂和拉伸断裂的原因。     

A physics-based framework for online surface roughness assessment for high-pressure turbines

Surface roughness is a critical health parameter of a turbine blade due to its implications on blade surface heat transfer and structural integrity. This paper proposes a physics-based online framework for Gas Turbine Engines (GTE), in order to assess the blade surface roughness in a high-pressure turbine without engine shutdown. The framework consolidates Gas Path Analysis (GPA) based performance monitoring models and meanline turbomachinery analysis, using a novel GPA-meanline matching process. This extracts meaningful performance deviation trends from GPA, while addressing the uncertainties associated with the measurements and modelling. To relate efficiency loss to surface roughness severity, a meanline-based system-identification process has been developed to establish the meanline representation of the turbine stage, and to incorporate the empirical surface roughness loss correlations. The roughness loss correlations have been evaluated against recent transonic test data in the literature. A modification to the compressibility correction factor has been made according to the evaluation outcome, which improved loss predictions compared to the experimental measurements. The framework was tested on the three-year operational data of a cogeneration GTE, and the results verified the framework's potential for online surface roughness monitoring. The predicted surface roughness showed agreement in both trend and the magnitude-level with the measurements reported in the literature.     

基于人工势场法的月球表层采样装置避障规划

表层采样技术是获取地外天体土壤样品的重要手段,为在月表复杂地形、不确定着陆姿态、不规则器表包络约束下,快速获取安全的表层采样动态轨迹,文章根据四自由度表层采样装置设计,分析了工作过程中的正逆运动学关系;根据表层采样装置动、静态目标点运动要求,将约束空间分解为有效障碍检测区与不可达集,进行表层采样避障规划;为加快规划速度,针对表层采样装置瞬态构型构建了动态障碍检测区、动态不可达集;结合人工势场法提出了避障规划算法。对典型姿态下表层采样过程的避障规划仿真表明,该算法可实现约束条件下的表层采样轨迹规划,并对表层采样装置适应性设计提供支持。