考虑磨损后含间隙指向机构运动特性

为了提高空间指向机构磨损寿命的预测精度,克服传统静态磨损寿命预测的缺陷,计及间隙、摩擦磨损耦合因素,以实现机构关节动态磨损的精确预测,并对综合考虑间隙、摩擦磨损等因素的空间二维指向机构动力学问题和磨损问题进行了研究。采用牛顿 欧拉法,将间隙变量嵌入动力学模型,构建含间隙二维指向机构的动力学模型。基于Archards磨损模型,找到运动副接触面不同位置处的磨损深度,重构运动副表面形貌,并对磨损前后含间隙指向机构的动态特性进行分析,得到了关节处接触碰撞力和切向摩擦力的变化规律;采用动态拟合变量法和离散处理法分别对含间隙运动副内部间隙与接触力间、运行时间与相对滑移速度间的对应关系进行拟合,并建立了动态磨损数学模型;进一步预测了二维指向机构在跟踪模式、调姿模式下的运行时间分别为1259192h、76444h。研究工作为二维指向机构的本体设计、制造与应用奠定基础。     

基于内模原理的复杂挠性卫星姿态控制研究

首先对具有运动挠性附件的航天器的姿态动力学模型进行了简要讨论和分析,证明了对于受步进扰动的复杂挠性卫星系统,采用输出反馈PD控制仅能得到一致有界稳定的结论。为了获得闭环系统的渐近稳定性能,进一步构造了具有内模补偿的PD控制系统,并且根据Lyapunov理论给出了严格证明。基于美国GOES 8号静止轨道气象卫星公布的动力学参数,对PD控制及含有内模补偿的PD控制两类控制器进行了仿真对比,以校验所设计控制系统的有效性。最后,进行了总结并提出进一步的研究设想。     

采用信标的大型可展开天线指向控制方法

为提高大型可展开天线的指向控制精度,并适应喷气卸载等在轨工况,基于Craig-Bampton法建立了表征柔性天线指向的动力学模型,在此基础上提出了一种采用信标的大天线指向控制方法.该方法先基于卡尔曼滤波,对大天线的振动状态进行检测,若天线未出现明显振动,则通过信标敏感器修正天线指向偏差,同时引入星本体姿态敏感器以保证稳定性;若天线振动超过阈值,则仅引入星本体敏感器以衰减振动,直至天线未出现明显振动.最后利用瑟拉亚(Thuraya)卫星的在轨实测热变形数据进行了仿真验证.结果表明,在未受到喷气扰动时,大天线指向精度优于±0.02°,在受到喷气扰动后,系统可正确检测并切换跟踪输入.这说明,该指向控制方法在保证稳定性的同时,可以有效修正大天线指向偏差,并能适应在轨位保、卸载喷气工况.     

基于观测器的平台无陀螺姿态复合控制

针对超静卫星星体平台无陀螺、载荷敏感器与星体平台执行机构非共基准安装时整星存在姿态异位控制问题,提出了一种基于观测器估计星体平台姿态的复合控制方法。首先,建立星体平台/Stewart平台/载荷的动力学模型,并获得Stewart平台作动器关节空间的等效动力学模型。针对关节空间等效模型,设计super twisting观测器,以作动器平动位移为输入,以载荷和星体平台之间的相对姿态和角速度为输出,实现星体平台姿态和角速度估计。其次,以载荷测量姿态信息为输入,设计Stewart作动器的积分滑模控制律,实现载荷高精度指向控制。以观测器估计的星体平台姿态信息为输入,设计星体平台控制器实现星体平台的稳定控制。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明所设计的观测器和控制器能够保证闭环系统渐近稳定。数学仿真结果表明：在星体平台有陀螺时,载荷能够实现0.1″指向精度;在星体平台无陀螺时,采用观测器估计星体平台姿态并进行控制,载荷亦可实现0.1″指向精度。     

卫星导航系统天线阵接收机波束指向误差分析

研究表明：卫星导航系统阵元几何位置误差是影响波束指向误差的主要因素,而卫星和接收机位置误差则影响甚微,其中千米级的卫星位置误差以及接收机位置误差导致的波束指向误差不超过0.1°,而毫米级的阵元几何位置随机误差可导致典型7阵元天线阵波束指向误差达到几度。该研究成果可为卫星导航系统天线阵接收机的设计提供依据。     

Asymmetric precipitation in a coronal loop as explanation of a singular observed spectrum

Almost 10 years of solar submillimeter observations have shown new aspects of solar activity, such as the presence of rapid solar spikes associated with the launch of coronal mass ejections and an increasing submillimeter spectral component in flares. We analyse the singular microwave–submillimeter spectrum of an M class solar flare on 20 December, 2002. Flux density observations measured by Sun patrol telescopes and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope are used to build the radio spectrum, which is fitted using Ramaty’s code. At submillimeter frequencies the spectrum shows a component different from the microwave classical burst. The fitting is achieved proposing two homogeneous sources of emission. This theoretical fitting is in agreement with differential precipitation through a magnetically asymmetric loop or set of loops. From a coronal magnetic field model we infer an asymmetric magnetic structure at the flare location. The model proposed to quantify the differential precipitation rates due to the asymmetry results in a total precipitation ratio Q₂/Q₁≈10⁴–10⁵, where Q₁(Q₂) represents the total precipitation in the loop foot with the high (low) magnetic field intensity. This ratio agrees with the electron total number ratio of the two sources proposed to fit the radio spectrum.     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.     

日凌的计算及其对神六任务的影响分析

从信道链路上分析了日凌对卫星通信的影响,给出了日凌计算的几何模型与计算方法,并用该方法计算了神舟六号发射前后的日凌情况,分析了日凌对神舟六号发射的影响。该计算方法比较准确,并在实际观测中得到了验证。     

基于混杂非对称复合材料的自适应对日定向器

提出并设计了一种基于混杂非对称复合材料层合板的新型自适应对日定向器。该对日定向器采用混杂非对称复合材料层合板作为驱动元件,利用在轨光照条件的变化引起复合材料层合板温度变化,进而使其产生热变形并驱动太阳翼发生偏转。提出的自适应对日定向器结合传统的单自由度对日定向机构,能够实现太阳能帆板的双自由度对日定向。介绍了自适应对日定向器的基本原理,并结合地球静止轨道的光照条件进行了具体设计。利用能量变分原理建立了混杂非对称复合材料的热变形模型,分析其热变形特点,并利用有限元方法对定向器在地球静止轨道上的温度场特性、热变形及对日定向转动角度进行分析。有限元分析结果表明,通过合理设计,自适应对日定向器的转角能够随太阳光入射角变化呈线性变化,定向精度可达±1°。