空间激光通信组网光端机技术研究

随着高分辨率观测技术的发展和高数据率信息传输的迫切需求,研究高速率激光通信的全光网络迫在眉睫。文章介绍了空间激光通信技术的优点及发展趋势,提出了可用于激光通信组网的几种光端机光学原理及系统方案,分析了多反射镜拼接形式光端机的APT控制模型,为空间激光通信链路组网提供了新的技术途径。     

图像传感器辐射损伤对光通信系统跟瞄精度的影响分析

卫星光通信系统中的图像传感器在空间辐射环境中会因辐射损伤导致成像噪声增大,从而在确定光斑质心时产生偏差,影响系统跟瞄精度。文章基于典型器件地面辐照试验数据分析结果,利用灰度质心算法对不同尺寸模拟缺陷光斑的质心偏差量进行计算,并分析质心偏差对系统跟瞄精度的影响。结果表明:光斑的质心偏移与辐射产生缺陷像素的数量和位置均相关;增大光斑尺寸可减小质心偏差。最后,从抗辐射损伤能力角度为系统光斑尺寸选取提出约束条件要求。     

一种空间目标高精度指向控制方法

针对空间动目标指向任务对卫星提出的高精度控制需求,研究了卫星星体/快反镜二级复合系统的指向控制问题,给出了一种空间运动目标高精度指向控制方法。首先,基于近圆轨道Clohessy Wiltshire方程获得追踪卫星与目标卫星的位置信息;然后,基于扩展Kalman滤波算法进行多信息融合确定追踪卫星姿态参数,并实时解算出追踪卫星载荷光轴与目标卫星的相对姿态,获得跟踪指向所需的方位角和俯仰角;最后,通过星体一级姿态控制和基于快反镜的载荷光轴二级指向控制,实现对目标卫星的快速、高精度指向。仿真结果表明,该方法可以在保证快速性的同时实现动态指向控制误差小于072″。该方法可以实现对空间目标的高精度指向控制,为未来空间中激光通信等航天任务提供技术支持。     

Magnetic connectivity and solar energetic proton event intensity profiles at deka-MeV energy

We present an analysis of the time-intensity profiles of 25 solar energetic proton events at 18.2 MeV, modelled by fitting an analytical function form (a modified Weibull function) to the observed intensities. Additionally relying on previous work that characterized the magnetic connectivity between the event-related solar flare and the observer in these events with three angular parameters, we investigate the fit function parameters, the connectivity parameters, and the iron-to-carbon ratio of the events for dependencies and correlations. We find that the fit parameter controlling the basic shape of the profile (parameter a) is not clearly dependent on the connectivity parameters or the Fe/C ratio, suggesting that the profile shapes of neither well and weakly connected nor generally “impulsive” and “gradual” events differ systematically during the early stages of the event at 1 AU. In contrast, the time scaling of the fit function (parameter b) is at least moderately correlated with both the magnetic connectivity parameters and the Fe/C ratio, in that well-connected and iron-rich events are typically shorter in relative duration than weakly connected and nominal-abundance events; intensity rise times display a similar correlation with the connectivity parameters. We interpret the former result as following from the combined effect of various transport processes acting on the particles in interplanetary space, while the latter is essentially consistent with established knowledge regarding the observed dependence of the time-intensity profile shapes of solar energetic particle events on their magnetic connectivity and heavy ion abundances. The desirability of modelling the particle transport effects in detail and extending the analysis to cover higher energies is indicated.     

Metrology on-board PROBA-3: The shadow position sensors subsystem

PROBA-3 is an ESA mission aimed at the demonstration of formation flying performance of two satellites that will form a giant coronagraph in space. The first spacecraft will host a telescope imaging the solar corona in visible light, while the second, the external occulter, will produce an artificial eclipse. This instrument is named ASPIICS (Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun). To accomplish the payload's scientific tasks, PROBA-3 will ensure sub-millimeter reciprocal positioning of its two satellites using closed-loop on-board metrology. Several metrology systems will be used and the Shadow Position Sensor (SPS) subsystem senses the penumbra around the instrument aperture and returns the 3-D displacement of the coronagraph satellite, with respect to its nominal position, by running a dedicated algorithm. In this paper, we describe how the SPS works and the choices made to accomplish the mission objectives.     

Solar physics with the Square Kilometre Array

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the largest radio telescope ever built, aiming to provide collecting area larger than 1?km². The SKA will have two independent instruments, SKA-LOW comprising of dipoles organized as aperture arrays in Australia and SKA-MID comprising of dishes in South Africa. Currently the phase-1 of SKA, referred to as SKA1, is in its late design stage and construction is expected to start in 2020. Both SKA1-LOW (frequency range of 50–350?MHz) and SKA1-MID Bands 1, 2, and 5 (frequency ranges of 350–1050, 950–1760, and 4600–15,300?MHz, respectively) are important for solar observations. In this paper we present SKA’s unique capabilities in terms of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, as well as sensitivity and show that they have the potential to provide major new insights in solar physics topics of capital importance including (i) the structure and evolution of the solar corona, (ii) coronal heating, (iii) solar flare dynamics including particle acceleration and transport, (iv) the dynamics and structure of coronal mass ejections, and (v) the solar aspects of space weather. Observations of the Sun jointly with the new generation of ground-based and space-borne instruments promise unprecedented discoveries.     

Post-Newtonian tracking formulae to increase the shooting accuracy of autonomous LEO laser trackers

We introduce five post-Newtonian tracking formulae that would allow increasing the accuracy of the shooting systems on board autonomous LEO laser trackers. These formulae should be used when the current formulae cannot provide instants close enough to the optimal instants at which the trackers could safely shoot down unwished LEO middle-distant targets. In fact, they allow the trackers to produce not only the safest shooting actions, but also the most efficient ablations that might make the targets fall into the atmosphere for them to burn. The fact of the matter is in the falsifiability procedure introduced below, which allows to simulate sequences of unharming shooting actions with very narrow laser beams leading to identify the optimal pointing directions to previously selected debris objects whose size and composition are representative of these targets.     

Investigation of N–S asymmetry of solar differential rotation by various patterns for solar cycles 20 and 21

For solar cycles 20 and 21 the latitudinal variations of the solar rotation rates are found using data of the H_α filaments and the long-lived magnetic features of negative and positive polarities. Analysis of the data showed that: (a) there is N–S asymmetry in the equatorial rotation of the H_α filaments and the long-lived magnetic features; (b) for both solar cycles the long-lived magnetic features of both polarities have similar behavior; (c) in the solar cycle 20 the long-lived magnetic features of both polarities vary in phase to each other but show some difference during cycle 21. For the long-lived magnetic features of positive polarity the confidence level is lower than for those of negative one.     

一种空间相机指向机构构型设计及分析

通过分析比较不同构型的指向机构特点,提出一种轻小型月球着陆器相机三自由度指向机构设计方案,研制出原理样机.建立了相机指向机构运动学模型,对不同工况的相机指向机构的力矩裕度及冲击进行了分析,基于有限元分析对相机指向机构进行模态分析,得到机构主要频率及对应振型,可为相机指向机构优化设计提供重要依据.     

基于射频敏感器的卫星三轴姿态确定方法研究

带有大型网状展开天线的同步轨道移动通信卫星,一般通过卫星本体的姿态控制间接保障星上通信天线的指向精度,难以避免天线因自身安装、变形、挠性振动等引起的指向误差.提出直接利用射频敏感器测量的信标信号误差确定卫星三轴姿态,并计算天线保持目标指向所需三轴姿态角偏差,通过卫星姿态控制系统实时或离线姿态修正以保证天线指向精度.利用数学仿真方式验证算法正确性和有效性.