卫星多轴指向姿态控制全物理仿真实验研究

具有大型天线和大面积太阳帆板的多体卫星多轴指向控制技术是航天器控制的关键技术之一,针对这一问题,设计了“前馈+变结构”方案控制卫星本体,天线指向控制根据任务要求结合本体姿态产生,形成本体与天线多轴指向控制方案。基于常用的“飞轮—喷气”执行机构模式,考虑了控制精度和喷气消耗量问题。利用带有大型挠性板与程控天线系统的单轴气浮台物理仿真实验系统,成功地进行了卫星多轴指向控制物理仿真实验,本体姿态控制精度达到0.020,天线指向精度达到0.50。该研究对多轴指向卫星控制系统设计具有实际参考价值。     

星载天线双轴定位机构指向精度分析

以星载天线双轴定位机构为对象,分析了其指向精度的影响因素,从传动误差、测量误差、安装误差以及热变形误差等方面,研究了各项精度影响因素的分析模型和计算方法,建立了指向精度的分析模型,并以某一天线双轴定位机构为例进行指向精度分析。     

“风云”系列气象卫星的发展现状及其展望

介绍了我国第一代极地气象卫星“风云一号”（FY－1）系列和静止气象卫星“风云二号”（FY－2）系列的发展历程、主要性能。FY－1系列包括4颗卫星及其相应的地面数据接收、处理和应用系统。介绍了FY－2后续卫星及FY-3的发展计划。最后还介绍了遥感卫星遥感器辐射校正场计划。     

Modeling the (upper) solar atmosphere including the magnetic field

The atmosphere of the Sun is highly structured and dynamic in nature. From the photosphere and chromosphere into the transition region and the corona plasma-β changes from above to below one, i.e., while in the lower atmosphere the energy density of the plasma dominates, in the upper atmosphere the magnetic field plays the governing role – one might speak of a “magnetic transition”. Therefore the dynamics of the overshooting convection in the photosphere, the granulation, is shuffling the magnetic field around in the photosphere. This leads not only to a (re-)structuring of the magnetic field in the upper atmosphere, but induces also the dynamic reaction of the coronal plasma, e.g., due to reconnection events. Therefore the (complex) structure and the interaction of various magnetic patches is crucial to understand the structure, dynamics and heating of coronal plasma as well as its acceleration into the solar wind.

The present article will emphasize the need for three-dimensional modeling accounting for the complexity of the solar atmosphere to understand these processes. Some advances on 3D modeling of the upper solar atmosphere in magnetically closed as well as open regions will be presented together with diagnostic tools to compare these models to observations. This highlights the recent success of these models which in many respects closely match the observations.     

飞机直接力模态控制律设计

 本文应用特征结构配置理论提出了一种飞机直接力模态控制系统设计方法,即适当选取闭环特征向量使得飞机相应状态动态解耦,从而实现飞机直接力模态控制要求。本文为某型飞机设计了直接力两种模态——机身俯仰和垂直平移的控制器。     

Using LASCO-C1 spectroscopy for coronal diagnostics

The LASCO-C1 telescope was designed to perform spectral analysis of coronal structures by means of a tunable Fabry–Pérot interferometer acquiring images at different wavelengths. Results from spectral scans of the Fe xiv 5303 Å green coronal emission line are presented. Physical quantities like the ion temperature (line widths), and the flow velocity along the line of sight (Doppler shifts) are obtained over the entire corona.     

Signature of coronal holes and streamers in the interplanetary space

The properties of different solar wind streams depend on the large scale structure of the coronal magnetic field. We present average values and distributions of bulk parameters (density, velocity, temperature, mass flux, momentum, and kinetic and thermal energy, ratio of thermal and magnetic pressure, as well as the helium abundance) as observed on board the Prognoz 7 satellite in different types of the solar wind streams. Maximum mass flux is recorded in the streams emanating from the coronal streamers while maximum thermal and kinetic energy fluxes are observed in the streams from the coronal holes. The momentum fluxes are equal in both types of streams. The maximum ratio of thermal and magnetic pressure is observed in heliospheric current sheet. The helium abundance in streams from coronal holes is higher than in streams from streamers, and its dependences on density and mass flux are different in different types of the streams. Also, the dynamics of -particle velocity and temperature relative to protons in streams from coronal holes and streamers is discussed.     

The dynamic chromosphere: Pushing the boundaries of observations and models

The interface between the bright solar surface and the million-degree corona continues to hold the key to many unsolved problems in solar physics. Advances in instrumentation now allow us to observe the dynamic structures of the solar chromosphere down to less than $0_{.}^{″}1$ with cadences of just a few seconds and in multiple polarisation states. Such observational progress has been matched by the ever-increasing sophistication of numerical models, which have become necessary to interpret the complex observations. With an emphasis on the quiet Sun, I will review recent progress in the observation and modelling of the chromosphere. Models have come a long way from 1D static atmospheres, but their predictions still fail to reproduce several key observed features. Nevertheless, they have given us invaluable insight into the physical processes that energise the atmosphere. With more physics being added to models, the gap between predictions and observations is narrowing. With the next generation of solar observatories just around the corner, the big question is: will they close the gap?     

Study of the solar Slow Sonic,Alfvén and Fast Magnetosonic transition surfaces

In this paper we study the shape, extend and time variations of the solar wind transition surfaces using the Lima and Priest (1993) hydrodynamic model adequately adapted for the case of the solar wind flow. The transition surfaces, namely the Slow (Sonic), the Alfvén, and the Fast Magnetosonic surface, are important boundaries around the Sun and play a crucial role in the development of the solar wind and the structure of the inner heliosphere. We determine the shape and dimension of these surfaces as a function of heliographic latitude using measurements from Ulysses spacecraft, and we also study their temporal variation using data from spacecrafts at 1 AU (OMNI database). Furthermore, we establish their dependence with the solar activity, demonstrating their shape and location for the last two solar cycles. From this we noticed that the temporal variation of all transition surfaces follows the 11-year solar cycle. Finally, from the OMNI database, we have studied the temporal variation over the past 40 years of the plasma β parameter, the kinetic to magnetic and the kinetic to thermal energy ratios, at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun.     

模糊控制在光电跟瞄平台稳定控制中的应用

机载光电跟瞄系统是一个复杂的角位置随动系统,其精确模型不易建立。利用模糊控制不要求精确模型的特点,以跟瞄平台俯仰回路的稳定控制为例,设计了基本模糊控制器和自组织模糊控制器。仿真研究表明,在模型参数摄动又有多种干扰作用时,两种控制器都能进行有效地控制,特别是自组织模糊控制的稳态误差更小,计算速度更快。