平流层气球轨迹控制系统平衡点估算研究

简单介绍了平流层气球的特点和研究现状,引出并描述了轨迹控制系统,它几乎无需消耗能源,使长耗时平流层平台成为可能。提出了平流层气球轨迹控制飞行系统的仿真模型,并分别从风速轮廓线、大气密度以及气球、绳和集成翼方面逐一详细分析并进行建模,最后分析了整个飞行系统的特点和求解系统平衡点的难点所在,提出了一种可行的平衡点估算方法。结果表明,该平衡点估算方法可以快速有效地求得整个飞行系统的平衡点。     

Yaw controller design of stratospheric airship based on phase plane method

Recently,stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control,rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship.The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength,which bring challenges for the attitude controller.In this paper,the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic characteristics is analyzed with a phase plane method.Analysis shows that when ignoring damping,the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control,which can obtain a Bang–Bang controller.But under this controller,the control output could be bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping,which makes adverse effects for the servo structure.Considering the structure requirements of actuators,a phase plane method controller is employed,with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve.Thus,the controller outputs are limited to finite values.Finally,through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment,the method is proved to be effective.     

快速部署浮空器总体技术研究

快速部署浮空器通过运载器将部署平台投放到预定空域,经过分离、减速伞减速、空中充气、展开等阶段,快速完成浮空平台在平流层的部署,可以实现突发灾难区域的应急通信、应急观测、应急监控等功能,能有效弥补目前平流层浮空器放飞条件限制多、升空过程风险大和部署时间长的不足。对其系统组成、优势进行了介绍,对总体技术进行了研究设计及初步分析验证,并围绕浮力体形式、浮力体充气气体、浮力体表面材料、浮力体载重能力、浮空器分离过程等关键技术开展研究。     

风场综合利用的新型平流层浮空器轨迹设计

针对平流层底部准零风层特点,提出一种基于风场综合利用进行长时区域驻空的新型平流层浮空器,系统采用南瓜形超压气球体制,建立系统的浮重模型、推阻模型和能源模型,利用迭代算法完成了总体方案设计。在此基础上,建立动力学模型和高度调控模型,针对我国某地风场模型,设计东西、南北方向独立控制区域驻留策略以及基于风场综合利用的协同控制区域驻留策略,通过SIMULINK模块开展区域驻留仿真,并对五种控制模式下的飞行轨迹进行对比分析。     

反步法与神经网络融合的平流层飞艇轨迹鲁棒控制方法

针对平流层飞艇水平轨迹控制面临外部风场扰动和模型参数不确定的特点,提出一种反步法与RBF神经网络融合的非线性鲁棒轨迹控制方法.该方法采用Lagrange动力学模型,通过反步法直接求解推力和力矩的控制律,采用RBF神经网络动态优化调整反步法的控制增益参数.仿真结果表明,新的控制方法可实现平流层飞艇对直线/圆组合式参考轨迹...     

A novel inflatable rings supported design and buoyancy-weight balance deformation analysis of stratosphere airships

Owing to the unique advantages in flight altitude, dwelling time and wide coverage area,stratospheric airships provide permanent monitoring and surveillance for both civil and military applications. Here we propose a semi-rigid stratosphere airship design with circumferential highpressure inflatable rings and a longitudinal carbon fiber skeleton supported inside. We perform numerical simulations to analyze the deformation characteristics during the whole ascending and descending process. An equi...     

Feasibility study of a sea-anchored stratospheric balloon for long-duration flights

Sea-anchored balloons are stratospheric super-pressure balloons that are anchored to the sea. The sea-anchored balloon is a simple system that has the capability for long-duration flights, fixed-point observations, flexible launch windows, easy telemetry links to ground stations, and quick recoveries. Such balloons are not required to fly through the jet stream while tethered to the ground or sea, because the tether is deployed from a reel on the balloon after reaching a floating altitude. In this study, the feasibility of the sea-anchored balloon is investigated, with particular emphasis on the tether strength, balloon altitude, and system mass, based on the present technological level of the tether’s specific strength. Although the wind distribution with altitude is a dominant factor for feasibility, a sea-anchored balloon with an altitude of about 25 km would be feasible if the velocity of the jet stream is sufficiently low. The sea-anchored balloon can be simply flight-tested, since additional ground facilities and special flight operations are not necessary.     

Effect of vapor condensation on ascending performance of stratospheric airship

This paper reports a numerical investigation on the effects of water vapor condensing inside the air bag of a stratospheric airship on its ascending performance. The kinetic and thermal model considering vapor condensation was established, based on which a computer program was written in Fortran. The simulation results show that the vapor condensation remarkably affects the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship in the ascent process. During the ascent process below 11 km, a large amount of latent heat is released when the water vapor in the air inside the air bag of the stratospheric airship condenses, which results in the increase of the temperature and the reduction of the weight of the air in the air bag, causing the airship to speed up, the accelerated expansion of the helium, and the decrease of the helium temperature in the helium bag. When the flight altitude is higher than 11 km, the effect of vapor condensation on the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship is negligible because vapor is virtually nonexistent in the air.     

Change rules of a stratospheric airship's envelope shape during ascent process

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle, and has more advantages than other air vehicles, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, excellent resolution, low cost, and so on, which make it an ideal stratospheric platform. It is of great significance to choose a rea-sonable and effective way to launch a stratospheric airship to the space for both academic research and engineering applications. In this paper, the non-forming launch way is studied and the method of differential pressure gradient is used to study the change rules of the airship's envelope shape dur-ing the ascent process. Numerical simulation results show that the head of the envelope will main-tain the inflatable shape and the envelope under the zero-pressure level will be compressed into a wide range of wrinkles during the ascent process. The airship's envelope will expand with the ascent of the airship and the position of the zero-pressure level will move downward constantly. At the same time, the envelope will gradually form a certain degree of stiffness under the action of the inner and external differential pressure. The experimental results agree well with the analytical results, which shows that the non-forming launch way is effective and reliable, and the analytical method has exactness and feasibility.     

2009年冬季平流层爆发性增温期间行星波活动特征

利用2008年12月至2009年4月的MERRA再分析数据资料,对2009年1月下旬北半球高纬平流层发生的强增温事件以及与之相关的行星波活动进行了研究.谱分析发现,SSW发生前后极区平流层内准16天行星波活动显著.利用二维谐波拟合法分别拟合温度场准16天波4个波模（W1,W2,E1,E2）的振幅和相位,结果表明:背景西风减弱时四个波模的振幅均有不同程度的增大,且都在50°-80°N范围内的平流层中上层达到最大值;准16天W2波的增幅最大且辐合最强烈,其引起的背景流最大西风减速超过4m·-1·d-1,说明准16天W2波在该次增温事件中占主导地位;行星波传播与零风线移动关系密切,准16天W2波在中高纬地区垂直向上传播并近似呈现经向驻波结构,然后分别向极点和赤道两个方向传播,这表明中高纬地区可能是行星波的一个源区.