热变形参数对镁合金力学性能及微观组织的影响

基于热模拟机GLEEBLE1500,以AZ31为研究对象进行热压缩实验,获得材料的应力-应变曲线。用金相显微镜对不同温度及应变速率下的金相进行观察分析,并对比分析热压缩前后的微观组织。同时分析了不同温度及应变速率下材料的力学行为,其行为属于典型的动态再结晶型。当热压缩温度为350℃和400℃时,材料强度随应变速率增大而增大,且加工硬化也增大。当应变速率为0.01和0.1/s时,随着变形温度的升高,材料的应力逐渐降低。在不同温度下,应变速率为0.01/s时的应力比应变速率为0.1/s时的应力要低。     

重合网格法在复合材料分层问题中的应用

使用重合网格法(S-FEM)分析了混合模态下CFRP层合板分层问题。首先将虚裂纹闭合技术集成到S-FEM程序中,求解了复合材料分层尖端处的应变能释放率。然后把重合网格法数值结果与基于梁理论的计算结果及实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,对于单方向及多方向CFRP复合材料层合板,重合网格法都能够得到更精确的数值,是一种有效的计算复合材料裂纹尖端应变能释放率的方法。     

复合固体推进剂裂尖复合型变形场和约束场分析

用有限元法分析了不同Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂端的变形场和约束场（裂端形状改变能和应力三维度水平Rσ）分布。结果表明：复合型裂端变形为不对称的相反变形,符合钝化-锐化模型。Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合加载时裂纹尖端出现负约束区域（该区Rσ〈0）,当Ⅱ型分量增加,负约束区域增大,最大约束水平Rσmax降低,且绕裂纹尖端顺时针转动。Rσmax出现距裂纹尖端有一定距离处。Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合载荷下偏离原裂纹方向的裂纹在钝化区内某处危险点开始萌生,并与应力三维度最大位置处产生的空穴或孔洞聚合向前扩展。     

铝7075介观尺度切削过程的仿真研究

基于位错机制的应变梯度(MSG)塑性理论,采用任意拉格朗日一欧拉ALE算法,建立了铝合金介观尺度切削过程的仿真模型,并通过试验对仿真模型进行了验证.结果表明:PCD刀具切削铝合金的最小切削厚度大致为刀具钝圆半径的0.25～0.3倍;材料应变梯度的存在使得材料表现出强烈的尺度效应,并且使单位切削力随着进给量的减小明显增大.     

HTPB固化胶片的超弹性本构模型

为描述HTPB固化胶片的力学特性,采用单轴拉伸试验方法,研究了载荷作用下的应力响应特征,建立了超弹性本构模型,并拟合试验数据得到超弹性本构参数;对比分析了Mooney-Rivlin和不同阶次的Ogden型应变能函数。结果表明,Mooney-Rivlin和二阶以上的Ogden型拟合的本构参数都能很好地表征HTPB固化胶片拉伸载荷下的力学行为,且Ogden型超弹性本构可用于预测HTPB固化胶片轻微压缩载荷下的力学特性。     

A step deformation method for superplasticity improvement of coarse-grained Ti–15V–3Cr-3Sn-3Al

Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al(Ti–15–3), a kind of metastable beta titanium which has high specific strength and good cold-formability, is highlighted for applications in the aerospace manufacture industry. However, the technique for improving its formability at elevated temperatures is still a challenge at present. In this work, a step deformation method is proposed for superplasticity improvement of coarse grained Ti–15–3 plates at temperatures around its beta transus. The effects of the strain rate and the strain at the first stage on the superplasticity are investigated. The results show an increase of the strain rate sensitivity and a decrease of the flow stress under the step deformation mode compared to those obtained under constant strain rates at 780℃. The maximum strain to failure obtained in the step mode is 93% higher than that deformed in the constant strain rate mode. Strain rates, strains at the first stage, and temperatures have influences on the superplasticity improvement. The deformation mechanism is concluded as subgrain formation accommodated by grain boundary sliding rate-controlled by dislocation climb. The improved m value in the step deformation is accounted to the extra dislocation density produced during the strain rate reduction.     

基于应变的结构疲劳寿命概率模型

对航空铝合金7050-T7451疲劳试验数据进行统计分析,得出其对数寿命的标准差与均值近似呈线性关系。在此基础上建立了高循环疲劳和低循环疲劳都适用的基于应变的疲劳寿命概率模型,进一步根据对数寿命均值的置信下限和标准差的置信上限给出了置信水平0.95的概率模型,并应用该模型进行了某航天器机械臂的疲劳可靠性分析,得到了其寿命分布及可靠度水平0.9987的臂管寿命。     

压紧杆式太阳翼自动化加载设备设计与验证

基于对国内外太阳翼压紧释放机构预紧实施的现状及存在问题的研究,开展设备小型化、轻量化、可视化设计,研制了一种电机驱动拉伸压紧杆的力反馈型自动化加载设备。该设备采用特制的夹紧接口,并利用凸轮原理解决了狭小空间内压紧杆的的夹紧难题;采用拉力传感器和力反馈系统等将太阳翼压紧杆预紧力施加精度控制在5%以内,有效地解决了预紧力加载的精度问题和自动预紧问题。为验证设备性能,开展了预紧力误差分析,设计了一套采用电阻应变片实时测量预紧力的方案,得出设备工作时预紧力的变化情况。试验结果表明,自动化加载设备不受人员技能水平的影响,绝对精度最大值为3.11%,单次加载时间小于1 min。     

Quasi-static tensile behavior of large-diameter thin-walled Ti–6Al–4V tubes at elevated temperature

As promising light-weight and high-performance structure components, large-diameter thin-walled(LDTW) Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy(TC4) bent tubes are needed most urgently in many industries such as aviation and aerospace. Warm bending may be a feasible way for manufacturing these components. Understanding their temperature and strain rate dependent tensile behavior is the foundation for formability improvement and warm bending design. In this paper, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at elevated temperatures ranging from 298 K to 873 K at tensile velocities of 2, 10, 15 mm/min. The main results show that the tensile behavior of LDTW TC4 tubes is different from that of TC4 sheets. The typical elongation of TC4 tubes at room temperature is 10%lower than that of TC4 sheets. The flow stress of TC4 tubes decreases greatly by about 50% with the temperature rising to 873 K. At temperatures of 573–673 K, the hardening exponent is at its highest value, which means the deformation mechanism changes from twining to more dislocation movement by slipping. The fracture elongation of TC4 tubes fluctuates with increasing temperature,which is associated with changes in the deformation mechanism and with the blue brittleness. The fractography of TC4 tubes at various temperatures, especially at 673 K, shows that second phases and impurities significantly influence fracture elongation. By considering the characteristics of the tensile behavior and by properly choosing the die material, the warm bending for TC4 tubes can be achieved at temperatures of 723–823 K.     

惯性器件用高性能铍材及其尺寸稳定性

本文评述了惯性器件用高性能铍材的发展，讨论了微屈服强度与应变指数和屈服强度之间存在的关系，最后得出结论；应同时使用ＭＹＳ和ｎ值反映材料的尺寸稳定性，以及可以用屈服强度取代微屈服强度。