含有不平衡飞轮的卫星精确动力学模型研究

针对含不平衡飞轮的卫星动力学模型,给出了不平衡飞轮的转动惯量矩阵。用多刚体建模方法,建立了综合的完整姿态动力学分析模型,提出了质心位置的计算方法。通过飞轮系统的完整精确模型,将飞轮扰动对三轴姿态稳定卫星的影响反映至滚转一俯仰一偏航三轴姿态。Matlab／Simulink环境中仿真验证了该系统角动量为常值。分析了不平衡飞轮对卫星姿态的影响,并解释了模型的应用。研究表明飞轮扰动影响不可忽略,精确的动力学模型对未来航天器的应用有重要意义。     

A strategic flight conflict avoidance approach based on a memetic algorithm

Conflict avoidance （CA） plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The cur- rent approaches, mostly focusing on a short-term situation which eliminates conflicts via local adjust- ment, cannot provide a global solution. Recently, long-term conflict avoidance approaches, which are proposed to provide solutions via strategically planning traffic flow from a global view, have attracted more attentions. With consideration of the situation in China, there are thousands of flights per day and the air route network is large and complex, which makes the long-term problem to be a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints. To minimize the risk of premature convergence being faced by current approaches and obtain higher quality solutions, in this work, we present an effective strategic framework based on a memetic algorithm （MA）, which can markedly improve search capability via a combination of population-based global search and local improve- ments made by individuals. In addition, a specially designed local search operator and an adaptive local search frequency strategy are proposed to improve the solution quality. Furthermore, a fast genetic algorithm （GA） is presented as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outper- formed the existing approaches including the GA .based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach as well as some well-known memetic algorithm based approaches.     

基于比例导引角度线性化的无人机避障研究

基于无人机与障碍物之间的几何关系,在极坐标系下建立了无人机与障碍物之间的运动学方程,通过引入基于角度线性化的比例导引律,使无人机能够顺利避开障碍物。引入的基于角度线性化的比例导引律是关于无人机相对速度航向角与避障点视线角的函数,由比例函数及偏差函数组成。为解决初始时刻相对速度航向角不满足引入导引律的问题,在调节函数中加入了指数项。通过稳定性证明,得到了满足要求的导引律参数取值范围。最后对设计的避障算法进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

用面向对象技术编写科学运算类库

为了提高科学工程软件的开发效率，改善程序的可读性、易维护性，本文从面向对象的编程思路出发，介绍了利用VisualC＋十建立一种科学运算类库的基本思想和方法。     

考虑重力的风机叶片水平加载测试方法

在风电叶片三维有限元参数模型中引入了重力产生的附加载荷,仿真计算了风电叶片水平加载方式的静载荷测试中附加载荷产生的水平方向的耦合位移,分析了耦合位移对测试过程中理论计算结果的影响;由于重力的叠加效应,测试中某些截面实际施加的等效载荷可能远超叶片设计的目标测试载荷,建议联合有限元分析,优化叶片安装角度和加载力方向的方法,降低叶片局部截面实际施加等效载荷的过载峰值。     

A multi-aircraft conflict detection and resolution method for 4-dimensional trajectory-based operation

Conflict Detection and Resolution(CDR) is the key to ensure aviation safety based on Trajectory Prediction(TP). Uncertainties that affect aircraft motions cause difficulty in an accurate prediction of the trajectory, especially in the context of four-dimensional(4D) Trajectory-Based Operation(4DTBO), which brings the uncertainty of pilot intent. This study draws on the idea of time geography, and turns the research focus of CDR from TP to an analysis of the aircraft reachable space constrained by 4D waypoint constraints. The concepts of space–time reachability of aircraft and space–time potential conflict space are proposed. A novel pre-CDR scheme for multiple aircraft is established. A key advantage of the scheme is that the uncertainty of pilot intent is accounted for via a Space-Time Prism(STP) for aircraft. Conflict detection is performed by verifying whether the STPs of aircraft intersect or not, and conflict resolution is performed by planning a conflict-free space–time trajectory avoiding intersection. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.     

Neural adaptive control for a ground experiment of the space proximity operation in a six-degree-of-freedom micro-gravity simulation system

In this study, a neural adaptive controller is developed for a ground experiment with a spacecraft proximity operation. As the water resistance in the experiment is highly nonlinear and can significantly affect the fidelity of the ground experiment, the water resistance must be estimated accurately and compensated using an active force online. For this problem, a novel control algorithm combined with Chebyshev Neural Networks (CNN) and an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is proposed. Specifically, the CNN algorithm is used to estimate the water resistance. The advantage of the CNN estimation is that the coefficients of the approximation can be adaptively changed to minimize the estimation error. Combined with the ADRC algorithm, the total disturbance is compensated in the experiment to improve the fidelity. The dynamic model of the spacecraft proximity maneuver in the experiment is established. The ground experiment of the proximity maneuver that considers an obstacle is provided to verify the efficiency of the proposed controller. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the pure ADRC method and can achieve close-to-real-time performance for the spacecraft proximity maneuver.     

结合跳点引导的无人机随机搜索避撞决策方法

针对无人机在城市空域环境和密集交通流下的避撞决策问题，提出马尔科夫决策过程（MDP）和蒙特卡洛树搜索（MCTS）算法对该问题进行建模求解。蒙特卡洛树搜索算法在求解过程中为保证实时性而使其搜索深度受限，容易陷入局部最优，导致在含有静态障碍的场景中无法实现避撞的同时保证全局航迹最优。因此结合跳点搜索算法在全局规划上的优势，建立离散路径点引导无人机并改进奖励函数来权衡飞行路线，在进行动态避撞的同时实现对静态障碍的全局避撞。经过多个实验场景仿真，其结果表明改进后的算法均能在不同场景中获得更好的性能表现。特别是在凹形限飞区空域仿真模型中，改进后的算法相对于原始的蒙特卡洛树搜索算法，其冲突概率降低了36%并且飞行时间缩短47.8%。     

螺旋桨向量平衡

螺旋桨旋转时各桨叶的离心力可分解为在桨叶轴线旋转平面内的静不平衡力和垂直于此旋转平面的动不平衡力偶。由于各桨叶不完全相同,这两种不平衡度在不同矩角位置会有差异。但所加静平衡力和动平衡力偶则不随变矩而变化,它们的平衡作用在所有矩角位置都是一样的,可以采用本文所述的向量分析方法,在特制的向量平衡图上预测对各矩角平衡的结果。这样就可以只需一次平衡即使各矩角都平衡合格并达到最佳平衡状态,而用常规平衡方法需要反复凑试甚至无法合格。     

沿曲面交线多坐标数控加工的算法研究

分析了曲面交线加工中刀具的偏置类型,提出了新的交线加工刀位轨迹生成算法。该算法利用曲面跟踪求交算法计算两曲面交线,并根据交线处曲面局部微分几何性质推算刀具的初始位置,然后采用牛顿迭代算法精确刀位。该算法的优点是能够精确控制刀具与曲面的加工误差,可处理单支点、双支点偏置情况下球头刀、平底刀、圆角刀的交线域加工,算法稳定、统一。