A triangle voting algorithm based on double feature constraints for star sensors

A novel autonomous star identification algorithm is presented in this study. In the proposed algorithm, each sensor star constructs multi-triangle with its bright neighbor stars and obtains its candidates by triangle voting process, in which the triangle is considered as the basic voting element. In order to accelerate the speed of this algorithm and reduce the required memory for star database, feature extraction is carried out to reduce the dimension of triangles and each triangle is described by its base and height. During the identification period, the voting scheme based on double feature constraints is proposed to implement triangle voting. This scheme guarantees that only the catalog star satisfying two features can vote for the sensor star, which improves the robustness towards false stars. The simulation and real star image test demonstrate that compared with the other two algorithms, the proposed algorithm is more robust towards position noise, magnitude noise and false stars.     

观测数据关联的泰勒展开径向速率方法

针对近地空间目标编目探测中,双屏电子篱笆的观测数据关联判断的问题,提出一种基于泰勒展开的径向速率数据关联方法。该方法对关联判断中径向速率这一判别量的计算采用泰勒展开的方式;与传统方法相比,该方法不需要进行地心地固坐标系与地心惯性系坐标转换,也不需要迭代计算初轨根数,具有简单、快速、符合精度需求的特点。在双屏电子篱笆探测LEO(Low Earth Orbit,低地球轨道)cm级空间目标的应用仿真中,该方法与使用初轨确定结果的径向速率方法相比,判断正确率基本相同,但所需计算时间比后者低一个数量级。因此,所述方法的判断效率较高,可为编目探测系统的数据处理流程提供参考。     

星敏感器测量模型及其在卫星姿态确定系统中的应用

星敏感器是卫星高精度姿态测量的重要部件，如何正确建立其测量误差模型是影响姿态确定精度的关键因素。本文推导出星敏感器三轴姿态测量误差的方差计算公式，对测量误差的性质进行研究，揭示了在星敏感器三轴测量中，光轴测量精度劣于根据另两轴测量所确定的光轴指向精度。在此基础上提出了新的星敏感器测量模型，给出改进的姿态滤波器观测方程，减小了观测误差，由此可以进一步提高姿态确定的精度。本文方法不仅适用于通常使用的双星敏感器姿态确定系统，也可独立地应用于只带单个星敏感器的姿态确定系统。     

星相数据的姿态确定

本文给出了利用卫星拍摄的星相数据计算卫星姿态的数学关系式和计算方法。经实际使用证明这种方法是正确的。     

Type I supernovae origin: “Dualistic” hypothesis

Stars that explode as Type I Supernovae (SNI) are white dwarfs with masses practically equal to the Chandrasekhar limit M_ch. These white dwarfs forme either as a result of gas overflow onto a degenerate component in a binary system or due to the evolution of nuclei of the stars whose mass, on the main sequence, was 3 to 7 M_o. The masses of their nuclei are quite close to M_ch. It is convenient to consider three types of stellar evolution 1) “hyperbolic”: masses of nuclei formed as a result of evolution are > M_ch; such evolution ends in a Type II Supernova (SNII) outburst; 2) “parabolic” - masses of nuclei ≈ M_ch, with the evolution ending in an SNI outburst; 3) “elliptical” with nuclei masses < M_ch. The latter type of evolution leads to the formation of planetary nebulae and white dwarfs. A new hypothesis is suggested that explains more frequent occurrence of SNI in irregular galaxies by flashes of star formation.     

空天飞行器星敏感器安装误差在线标定方法

空天飞行器高动态、长航时的运动特性可能导致一体化安装的惯性/天文组合导航系统中星敏感器与惯导间产生安装误差角。设计了一种星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方法,建立了星敏感器安装误差角模型,设计了基于天文角度观测的星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方案,分析了不同机动飞行方式下星敏感器安装误差角的可观测度。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于卡尔曼滤波的动态辨识方法能够在飞行器机动过程中快速地对星敏感器安装误差角进行在线标定,对安装误差角的标定值可以达到实际误差值的85%以上,有效地提高了组合导航系统的精度。     

基于星敏感器的卫星姿态估计方法研究

以星敏感器姿态信息作为测量数据,结合卫星姿态动力学方程组,采用增广卡尔曼滤波方法对无陀螺卫星姿态进行估计。研究发现,干扰力矩的变化会降低卫星姿态估计结果的精度,为此提出两种改进的姿态估计算法:增广自适应卡尔曼滤波方法和增广强跟踪卡尔曼滤波方法;仿真表明,两种算法都能很好地克服干扰力矩变化导致的精度下降现象。     

小型动态星模拟器设计

本文提出了以液晶光阀为核心器件的小型动态星模拟器方案，采用光学拼接方法克服了其小型、动态的难点，并通过原理性试验加以验证，最后对其性能进行了分析。     

星图质心提取的实时性研究

数据更新率是衡量星敏感器性能的一个重要参数,高数据更新率对质心提取的实时性提出了更高的要求.FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)具有快速逻辑运算和并行处理结构的特点,针对这些特点对质心提取过程进行研究.使用FP-GA内部的高速存储器作为缓存,提高对数据的读取速度.将质心提取中的阈值分割、星点像素提取和质心计算3个过程进行并行处...