一种测试星敏感器空间指向的方法

星敏感器作为高精度姿态测量单机,为高精度姿态控制提供前提保障。确保星敏感器空间指向正确性对姿控系统至关重要。基于此提出了一种在外场观星试验中,通过测试星敏感器地方时惯性指向来确认空间指向的方法,该方法结合格林尼治恒星时概念,通过地心赤道惯性坐标系与当地地理系之间的转换关系进行算法设计,是验证选用的星敏感器空间指向正确与否的重要手段。     

捷联惯导/星敏感器组合系统的在轨自标定方法研究

研究了捷联惯导/星敏感器组合系统中对陀螺仪和星敏感器进行在轨自标定的方法。分析捷联惯导系统和星敏感器的误差源,对陀螺仪随机漂移和星敏感器安装误差进行建模并列入系统状态,建立系统状态方程;利用捷联惯导输出的载体位置、姿态与星敏感器输出的姿态矩阵来构造量测,建立量测方程。设计卡尔曼滤波算法,经过滤波计算获得陀螺仪随机常值漂移和星敏感器安装误差的估计值,从而实现组合系统的在轨自标定。仿真结果表明,基于卡尔曼滤波的在轨自标定方法能够标定出85%以上的陀螺仪随机常值漂移和95%以上的星敏感器安装误差。     

一种基于主星的导航星座构造方法

提出了一种基于主星的导航星座构造方法,利用不等式约束下多变量函数最优化问题的求解方法实现了导航主星的选取和导航星座的构造。实验表明,采用该方法构造的导航星座数据库,既不会造成导航星的丢失,又显著地减少了需要存储的识别基元的数量,从而有效地降低了导航星座数据库的存储容量。     

惯性敏感器与星敏感器之间在轨自主标定比较研究

惯性敏感器与星敏感器组合定姿是航天器高精度姿态确定的常用手段。通常将惯性敏感器的常值漂移作为扩展状态进行标定,而将星敏感器的常值偏差作为扩展状态进行估计也是可能的。本文对这两种方法的定姿精度进行了分析比较,给出了选用的准则。     

A robust star identification algorithm with star shortlisting

A star tracker provides the most accurate attitude solution in terms of arc seconds compared to the other existing attitude sensors. When no prior attitude information is available, it operates in “Lost-In-Space (LIS)” mode. Star pattern recognition, also known as star identification algorithm, forms the most crucial part of a star tracker in the LIS mode. Recognition reliability and speed are the two most important parameters of a star pattern recognition technique. In this paper, a novel star identification algorithm with star ID shortlisting is proposed. Firstly, the star IDs are shortlisted based on worst-case patch mismatch, and later stars are identified in the image by an initial match confirmed with a running sequential angular match technique. The proposed idea is tested on 16,200 simulated star images having magnitude uncertainty, noise stars, positional deviation, and varying size of the field of view. The proposed idea is also benchmarked with the state-of-the-art star pattern recognition techniques. Finally, the real-time performance of the proposed technique is tested on the 3104 real star images captured by a star tracker SST-20S currently mounted on a satellite. The proposed technique can achieve an identification accuracy of 98% and takes only 8.2?ms for identification on real images. Simulation and real-time results depict that the proposed technique is highly robust and achieves a high speed of identification suitable for actual space applications.     

考虑卫星轨道运动和像移影响的星敏感器星图模拟方法

星图模拟技术是星图识别算法和星敏感器性能测试的基础.提出一种新的高精度星图模拟方法.该方法分为三个步骤:首先,利用两行轨道数据(TLE,Two-Line Orbital Element)与简化常规/深空扰动的近似解模型(SGP4/SDP4)计算出卫星在轨运行参数,进而获得卫星姿态矩阵;然后,根据星敏感器的方位和俯仰角度,确定星敏感器视场中的导航星及星敏感器安装矩阵,利用小孔成像模型,获得导航星在星敏感器成像面的投影位置;最后,为更准确模拟实际星像点的灰度扩散,在考虑卫星运动引起的恒星像移的基础上,按照二维高斯分布规律置灰度值来模拟星像点像素.在此基础上,还详细分析了不同曝光时间下,恒星像移对恒星位置测量的影响.     

Characteristics and accuracies of the GRACE inter-satellite pointing

For almost 10 years, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided information about the Earth gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Efforts are ongoing to approach the GRACE baseline accuracy as there still remains an order of magnitude between the present error level of the gravity field solutions and the GRACE baseline. At the current level of accuracy, thorough investigation of sensor related effects is necessary as they are one of the potential contributors to the error budget. In the science mode operations, the twin satellites are kept precisely pointed with their KBR antennas towards each other. It is the task of the onboard attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) to keep the satellites in the required formation. We analyzed long time series of the inter-satellite pointing variations as they reflect the AOCS performance and characteristics. We present significant systematic effects in the inter-satellite pointing and discuss their possible sources. Prominent features are especially related to the magnetic torquer characteristics, star cameras’ performance and KBR antenna calibration parameters. The relation between the magnetic torquer attitude control and the Earth magnetic field, impact of the different performance of the two star camera heads on the attitude control and the features due to uncertainties in the calibration parameters relating the star camera frame to K-frame are discussed in detail. Proper understanding of these effects will help to reduce their impact on the science data and subsequently increase the accuracy of the gravity field solutions. Moreover, understanding the complexity of the onboard system is essential not only for increasing the accuracy of the GRACE data but also for the development of the future gravity field satellite missions.     

星敏感器导航星表建立

导航星表是星敏感器系统用来实现恒星星图识别和姿态确定的唯一依据,它的容量、内容、存储读取方式对于完成星敏感器功能和性能指标都极为重要．通过分析恒星在视场中的分布规律,建立起星表的完备性和冗余性与星敏感器视场内导航星的数量之间的关系,确定了导航星数量,提出了筛选导航星的原则和方法,为了实现星表的快速搜索,对导航星表的组织形式进行了详细讨论．构造一个由2510颗0～6等导航星组成的导航星表,满足了星敏感器星图识别和姿态确定的需求．     

基于并行运算体系结构的星敏感器图像处理算法

采用FPGA构建星敏感器图像处理并行计算体系结构。星敏感器图像处理算法由高通滤波、星点提取和星点排序3个模块组成。高通滤波模块基于图像局部加窗计算阈值的方法,星点提取模块采用逐行扫描的计算方法,星点排序模块采用基数排序的计算方法。星敏感器图像处理算法基于四级流水并行计算体系结构,显著提高了星敏感器图像处理的效率和算法的可靠性。
     

一种基于三正交主轴平面的快速星图模拟方法

为在地面上进行星图模拟以测试星图识别算法和星敏感器性能, 提出了一种新的快速星图模拟方法. 该方法利用截面圆和固定区域的性质, 将单位天球按照三个正交主轴平面进行等分, 根据赤纬值求解恒星矢量与主轴平面夹角来确定选星条件, 进而根据坐标变换原理进行星图模拟. 为验证所提方法与现有方法相比的优势, 进行了大量的仿真实验. 实验结果表明, 与现有星图模拟方法相比, 本文方法在保证星图模拟精度的条件下, 选星速度提高了3倍以上.