T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.     

河北省计算机一级考试上机操作题考点总结与分析

河北省计算机一级考试是面向省内普通高校在校学生的计算机等级考试，是用人单位进行计算机操作水平认定的重要标准，在高校中备受重视。本论文首先分析了河北省计算机一级考试的特点，然后总结分析了2006-2008年度考试操作题的考点分布及变化趋势。最后提出了正确备考的建议和策略。     

Upwards migration phenomenon on molten lunar regolith: New challenges and prospects for ISRU

As part of our research on the feasibility of producing commodities from lunar regolith by thermal-driven processes with minimal terrestrial precursors we need to characterize, reproduce, and understand thermophysical properties of the molten regolith still unforeseen under the lunar vacuum conditions at a scalable sample size. Two unanticipated phenomena, apparently caused by lunar melt’s surface tension under vacuum, have been revealed in our research work, vacuum void formation and upwards migration. In this paper we present our findings and thinkable explanation on the upwards migration phenomenon experimentally observed and consistently replicated as JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant melted at high vacuum. Upwards migration of molten lunar regolith will make future lunar ISRU’s melting processes both challenging as molten bulk material would migrate upwards along the container’s walls, and also promising on new opportunities for alternative ISRU’s sustainable processes as regolith’s upwards migration takes place in uniformed thin-film pattern. Among the potential ISRU’s processes that might use controlled thermal thin-film-based migration without the necessity of terrestrial precursors are production of feedstock for 3D printing, fractional separation of regolith’s component’s (O₂, metals, and alloys) via pyrolysis, film coating, purification of valuables solid crystals including silicon, and fabrication of key elements for microfluidic, and MEMS devices. Thermal upwards migration phenomenon on JSC-1A’s melt is formulated and explained by the authors as due to thermal Marangoni effect (also known as thermo-capillarity) in which temperature gradients within the melt’s bulk and along the crucible’s wall yield the surface tension large enough to supersede the gravitational force and yield the experimentally observed upwards thin-film migration. As far as the authors know, upwards thermal migration of molten JSC-1A (or other lunar simulant regolith) under vacuum has not been reported in the literature. A thermal mathematical model accounting for thermal Marangoni effect on molten JSC-1A agrees with what experimentally was observed, the formation of the meniscus on the melt-wall surface interface along with an incipient upwards migration in thin-film pattern along the crucible wall that, according to the model, experiences large temperature gradient, an important factor to trigger the thermal Marangoni effect along with the fact that surface tension of the molten lunar regolith material is temperature dependent.     

YH-1火星探测器设计及研制进展

介绍了中国首颗YH-1火星探测器的任务功能、组成和主要技术指标。给出了探测器设计中的火星探测超低温适应、深空探测自主姿态确定与控制、超远距离通信、休眠唤醒和剩磁控制等关键技术,以及相应的解决途径。试验和验证结果表明：YH-1火星探测器的设计满足火星探测特殊环境的任务要求。其设计和试验技术可直接用于我国其他深空探测项目,为后续深空探测积累了经验。     

高速帧转移型面阵CCD器件的时序设计

介绍了512×512高速帧转移面阵CCD器件时序设计的方法。在分析器件结构和时序关系的’基础上,确定了时序设计的主要参数,并利用复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）EPM7256AETC100—5实现了CCD器件工作所需的各种时序信号。通过时序仿真证明,设计方法正确可行,运行稳定。     

高校图书流通的5M1E管理法

借鉴质量管理中的"人机料法环测"(5M1E)因果分析管理方法,提出了高校图书流通管理的5M1E分析管理方法.在分析高校图书流通过程中诸要素的作用及其相互关系的基础上,阐述了"以读者为核心,以网络为平台,以图书为对象,依规程做约束.依测量做评价,依环境做创新"的高校图书流通管理指导思想及分析管理方法.     

CAS-1 lunar soil simulant

Lunar soil simulant is a geochemical reproduction of lunar regolith, and is needed for lunar science and engineering researches. This paper describes a new lunar soil simulant, CAS-1, prepared by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to support lunar orbiter, soft-landing mission and sample return missions of China’s Lunar Exploration Program, which is scheduled for 2004–2020. Such simulants should match the samples returned from the Moon, all collected from the lunar regolith rather than outcrops. The average mineral and chemical composition of lunar soil sample returned from the Apollo 14 mission, which landed on the Fra Mauro Formation, is chosen as the model for the CAS-1 simulant. Source material for this simulant was a low-Ti basaltic scoria dated at 1600 years from the late Quaternary volcanic area in the Changbai Mountains of northeast China. The main minerals of this rock are pyroxene, olivine, and minor plagioclase, and about 20–40% modal glass. The scoria was analyzed by XRF and found to be chemically similar to Apollo 14 lunar sample 14163. It was crushed in an impact mill with a resulting median particle size 85.9 μm, similar to Apollo soils. Bulk density, shear resistance, complex permittivity, and reflectance spectra were also similar to Apollo 14 soil. We conclude that CAS-1 is an ideal lunar soil simulant for science and engineering research of future lunar exploration program.     

嫦娥一号卫星双轴天线轨迹规划

针对嫦娥一号卫星双轴天线指向地球的控制要求,给出双轴天线框架角的计算方法．根据地球可见条件及双轴天线转动角度和角速度的限制。确定星上双轴天线自主跟踪地球的范围．最后,在轨飞行试验结果验证了该方法的有效性．     

小型杆式超声电机及其驱动电源的研究

开发了一种驱动仪表指针用的新型小型杆式超声电机,分析了电机定子等效电路参数的测量方法.为了缩小驱动电源的尺寸,根据谐振升压原理,研制了与该杆式超声电机相匹配的小型无变压器驱动电路.理论分析证明,当选择基波频率驱动、开关信号占空比为0.65时,驱动电路的工作效率最高.实验结果表明,电机的最高空载转速为520 r/min,最大输出扭矩为4.5×10-3N·m,故验证了样机及驱动电源设计方案的正确性.     

嫦娥一号卫星的制导、导航与控制

嫦娥一号卫星是中国首颗月球卫星。卫星制导、导航与控制(GNC)任务复杂多变,对系统实时性、可靠性和精度要求较高。文章介绍嫦娥一号卫星GNC系统组成、控制方法、系统特点和典型飞行结果。