高维不确定性条件下飞行器级间分离可靠性评估

针对高维不确定性条件下飞行器级间分离精细化分析需求,建立参数化级间分离动力学仿真模型,综合考虑级间分离过程中高维不确定性因素影响,识别典型分离失效模式,构建分离可靠性模型。提出采用活跃子空间方法实现高维不确定性参数的空间降维,结合极大极小距离序贯采样方法,利用含交叉项的高阶多项式回归模型对降维空间进行近似,完成了可靠性分析。结果表明,提出的方法能够准确描述高维不确定性因素对分离可靠性的影响特征,在保证高维不确定性计算精度条件下,大幅提升分离可靠性定量分析效率,此外,不同阈值对应分离可靠性曲线与常规打靶仿真结果吻合良好,为高维不确定性条件下分离方案精细化设计提供支撑。     

微纳卫星星座的Kuhn-Munkres匹配部署优化方法

针对将半长轴、升交点赤经、纬度辐角均不同的低轨微纳卫星群部署到同一轨道面不同目标相位的星座部署问题,提出一种基于Kuhn-Munkres(KM)匹配的星座部署优化方法。通过KM算法实现卫星和目标纬度辐角的优化匹配,充分利用J₂摄动,使升交点赤经借助半长轴和纬度辐角的部署而得到同步修正,从而节约燃料。仿真结果表明,相比于传统部署方法,在相同约束下,优化后的部署方法使各星平均燃耗减少,各星燃耗量均衡性提高。弥补了传统同轨星座部署中将各星初始位置简化为空间一点且忽略部署过程中的升交点赤经漂移的不足。采用有限常值推力实现轨道机动,适用于携带微推力推进系统的微纳卫星。     

An improved prediction model for corner stall in axial compressors with dihedral effect

Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors. However, all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades, which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral. As for the prediction parameter DL, although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow, it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region. In this paper, the shape factor gradient Ψ of the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients. The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of Ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ξ. A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database, which was established by a numerical method. Then, the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions. The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.     

用于粒子分离器的砂粒反弹特性实验研究

针对砂粒反弹特性所面临的基础问题及其复杂特点,采用实验与理论分析的方法研究砂粒反弹机理。以砂粒与板面碰撞反弹为起点,自行设计了测量砂粒反弹系数的实验系统,并用高速摄影仪捕捉砂粒的运动轨迹,通过图像处理获得不同粒径的砂粒与不同材料的板面碰撞前后的速度矢量。以实验测量数据为基础,理论分析砂粒运动特性,总结砂粒反弹系数与入射角度之间的关系,建立不同材料的砂粒反弹系数的拟合公式,为进一步提高粒子分离器的分离效率提供研究基础与理论支撑。     

内埋武器投放分离相容性的风洞投放试验预测与评估

采用基于运动动力学相似的风洞投放试验对先进战斗机内埋武器投放分离相容性进行预测与评估，给出载机在不同飞行马赫数、攻角、弹舱长深比及舱内武器剩余数量、不同弹射力、折叠翼是否展开下，内埋导弹从载机弹舱投放分离后的运动轨迹和俯仰姿态角变化规律，研究这些因素对内埋导弹投放分离相容性的影响。结果表明：处于超声速飞行状态下（马赫数为1.5）的载机，攻角处于0°、2°、3°时投放内埋导弹后弹体俯仰角处于低头状态，利于攻击载机前下方敌方目标；在给定的初始分离条件下，对于两种不同的弹舱长深比，内埋导弹均能安全分离，但对内埋导弹俯仰方向运动影响较为显著；弹舱内武器剩余数量对内埋导弹分离特性影响较小，导弹能快速地远离载机干扰流场，投放分离后弹体俯仰角一直处于低头状态；随着内埋导弹初始分离速度增大，可使弹体快速地穿过载机的下洗流场，有利于内埋导弹与载机的安全分离；导弹的不同气动布局对内埋导弹分离相容性有一定的影响。     

低雷诺数涡轮内部流场分析

利用三维数值模拟手段研究涡轮内部流动.对比分析了不同飞行高度工作时涡轮内部流场结构的差异,以反映雷诺数的降低对流动结构和性能的影响.结果表明:在高空工作环境下,雷诺数下降近一个量级,负荷分布发生变化,叶片吸力面发生大范围分离,二次流以及径向掺混明显增强,由此导致涡轮性能恶化,效率急剧下降,这些因素在低雷诺数涡轮气动设计中需给予更多的关注.同时指出,负荷分布形式的选择对低雷诺数涡轮设计有重要意义.     

Safety assessment of approximate segregated parallel operation on closely spaced parallel runways

With the continuous growth of air traffic flow, some airports in China or other countries begin to construct Closely Spaced Parallel Runways (CSPR) to meet the capacity requirement of civil aviation. In this paper, the simulation and calculation method of flight trajectory is developed, as well as the collision risk calculation method and wake vortex encounter risk calculation method. New methods for departure and go-around procedures are proposed to achieve approximate segregated parallel operation in an attempt to obtain approximately the same results on closely spaced parallel runways as on widely spaced parallel runways. By comparing with the independent parallel departure and segregated parallel operation in ICAO Doc. 9643, it is found that the lateral separation between aircraft in this proposal is not less than the separations in the other two cases. Based on the simulation calculation of flight trajectories under different conditions, the probabilities of collision conflict and encountering wake vortex are lower than those in current operation plan. The proposed plan has no special requirements in pilot operation, control command procedures, airport facilities, or meteorological observation and prediction, so it is convenient to promote and implement at the airports with closely spaced parallel runways.     

波音737NG飞机氮气发生系统的故障分析

氮气发生系统(NGS)是波音737NG飞机新加装的系统,本文介绍了NGS的原理,对该系统的典型故障原因进行了分析并介绍了相应的排故方法。     

过渡区侧向喷流干扰的并行DSMC数值模拟研究

在高空低密度环境,空间飞行器的控制面效率下降较快,反作用控制系统(RCS)作为改变飞行姿态或轨道的直接力系得到大量应用,为了精确预测高空RCS喷流与稀薄大气的干扰效应,本文建立了直角与表面非结构网格混合结构的DSMC数值算法以及网格自适应算法,保证了碰撞分子是在自适应后的亚网格内选取,提高了计算精度.采用静态随机负载平衡技术构建了并行DSMC代码,计算分析了不同压比条件下的三维平板模型侧向喷流与稀薄大气的干扰流场.计算的复杂流场结构和表面流动特征、分离长度与低密度风洞试验有较好的一致性.在保持来流参数不变的情况下,喷流干扰区的分离长度及喷流透射高度随着喷流压比的增大而增大.随着来流稀薄度的增加,来流对喷流的影响越来越弱,而喷流自身的影响区域却越来越大.     

多相等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的实验

开展了多相等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0015翼型失速分离的实验,详细研究了翼型升阻特性随激励电压、激励相角、输入电压波形和占空比等激励参数的影响.研究表明:雷诺数Re=4.9×105(来流速度60m/s)时,多相等离子体气动激励可有效抑制NACA0015翼型吸力面的流动分离,将翼型临界失速攻角提高2°;相位对流动控制...