基于失真敏感性的可见光遥感图像压缩补偿

可见光遥感图像纹理细节丰富且分布情况复杂,高倍压缩后容易出现失真不均衡现象。现有研究并不针对图像的主观品质且易出现错补偿问题。为此,设计了基于失真敏感性的可见光遥感图像压缩补偿方法。通过对比结构相似度模型各函数对遥感压缩失真的评价效果,构造了压缩失真敏感性模型,在此基础上深入分析了不同程度的数据损失对恢复像质的影响,设计了基于失真敏感性的压缩补偿策略,在压缩编码端确定失真敏感区域并量化回传失真影响明显的数据,补偿于解码端恢复图像中。结果表明,该方法能有效提高恢复图像失真敏感区域内遥感目标的清晰程度和可判读性,降低恢复图像的失真不均衡程度,改善恢复图像的整体质量。     

视线测量光学导航系统观测模型选取

在基于视线矢量观测的自主光学导航系统中,观测模型的非线性是影响导航精度的一个重要因素。通过定量计算观测模型的非线性强度,研究了视线测量光学导航系统测量模型的选取问题。文章基于透射投影模型的共线性方程,给出了两种视线矢量观测模型的导航测量方程及测量噪声统计特性。在扩展卡尔曼滤波框架内深入分析了观测模型非线性对导航性能的影响。并利用微分几何非线性曲率测量理论,定量比较了两种观测模型的非线性强度。最后以基于视线矢量观测的姿态确定系统为例,仿真验证了非线性曲率测量与导航性能的一致性,结果表明基于单位矢量观测模型的光学导航系统具有更高的估计精度和更快的收敛特性。     

Observation campaign dedicated to 1968-081E fragments identification

This paper proposes a comprehensive approach to associate origins of space objects newly discovered during optical surveys in the geostationary region with spacecraft breakup events. A recent study has shown that twelve breakup events would be occurred in the geostationary region. The proposed approach utilizes orbital debris modeling techniques to effectively conduct prediction, detection, and classification of breakup fragments. Two techniques are applied to get probable results for origin identifications. First, we select an observation point where a high detection rate for one breakup event among others can be expected. Second, we associate detected tracklets, which denotes the signals associated with a physical object, with the prediction results according to their angular velocities. The second technique investigates which breakup event a tracklet would belong to, and its probability by using the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm.     

Simulation of optical response of retroreflectors for future lunar laser ranging

We numerically examined various retroreflectors as laser ranging targets for future missions to the Moon. The geometric conditions, such as the angle of incidence and velocity aberration, with lunar targets are much more restricted than those with most of the earth-orbiting artificial satellites. The numerical optical response simulation carried out in this study indicates that a single retroreflector with a diameter of 150–250 mm performs similar to the existing Apollo retroreflector arrays. Further, no dihedral angle is required for small retroreflectors with diameters below 150 mm for uncoated ones and below 100 mm for coated and hollow ones. Retroreflectors with larger diameters require dihedral angles of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.35 arcsec for coated, uncoated and hollow types, respectively. The objective of this fundamental study is to underlie the development of future laser ranging targets that are to be placed on the Moon.     

Time synchronization of new-generation BDS satellites using inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous satellite navigation is based on the ability of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as Beidou, to estimate orbits and clock parameters onboard satellites using Inter-Satellite Link (ISL) measurements instead of tracking data from a ground monitoring network. This paper focuses on the time synchronization of new-generation Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites equipped with an ISL payload. Two modes of Ka-band ISL measurements, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mode and the continuous link mode, were used onboard these BDS satellites. Using a mathematical formulation for each measurement mode along with a derivation of the satellite clock offsets, geometric ranges from the dual one-way measurements were introduced. Then, pseudoranges and clock offsets were evaluated for the new-generation BDS satellites. The evaluation shows that the ranging accuracies of TDMA ISL and the continuous link are approximately 4?cm and 1?cm (root mean square, RMS), respectively. Both lead to ISL clock offset residuals of less than 0.3?ns (RMS). For further validation, time synchronization between these satellites to a ground control station keeping the systematic time in BDT was conducted using L-band Two-way Satellite Time Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT). System errors in the ISL measurements were calibrated by comparing the derived clock offsets with the TWSTFT. The standard deviations of the estimated ISL system errors are less than 0.3?ns, and the calibrated ISL clock parameters are consistent with that of the L-band TWSTFT. For the regional BDS network, the addition of ISL measurements for medium orbit (MEO) BDS satellites increased the clock tracking coverage by more than 40% for each orbital revolution. As a result, the clock predicting error for the satellite M1S was improved from 3.59 to 0.86?ns (RMS), and the predicting error of the satellite M2S was improved from 1.94 to 0.57?ns (RMS), which is a significant improvement by a factor of 3–4.     

航天工程多态全息模型及应用

以我国航天工程研制特点和数字化需求为出发点,构建涵盖航天工程全周期、全系统的数据体系,提出航天工程多态全息模型的概念及具体组成,实现了包含全要素信息的完整产品数字化定义;构建航天工程全生命周期模型体系,体系化地表达了多态全息模型在任务层、系统层和功能层随时间的动态演化过程,以及相互耦合关系;开发了多态全息模型集成系统,并在典型的航天型号中开展了实践,初步形成了架构驱动的协同研制模式和数据驱动的产品状态管理模式,提升了研制效率效益,为其他领域复杂系统工程的应用提供了参考。     

INS／GPS／Odometer组合系统初始对准及自适应联合滤波

本文提出了INS／GPS／Odometer（测速仪）组合际航系统。基于信息融合理论，提出了基于子滤波器可观性矩阵条件数和误差协方差矩阵特征值分解的自适应联合滤波。然后利用该方法对INS／GPS／Odometer组合系统的初始对准问题进行了研究。仿真结果表明，自适应联合滤波能够改善系统初始对准的状态估计精度，信息分配因子的不同选择对状态估计有一定的影响。     

动态系统仿真软件System View的应用

针对系统设计和工程实践之间缺少有效联系的问题 ,阐述了在电子系统设计中采用系统仿真提高设计效率的重要性 ,介绍动态系统仿真软件 System View的特点 ,结合直接序列扩频通信系统的仿真说明基于 System View仿真系统的设计过程     

基于dSPACE的挠性卫星姿轨控实时仿真系统

以某在研挠性卫星星载计算机在回路中的仿真试验为背景 ,利用dSPACE多处理器系统构建了卫星姿轨控实时仿真系统。介绍了实现该系统的软、硬件构成。重点介绍了实现该实时系统的关键———如何用dSPACEDS4 2 0 1s板上的RS2 32 / 42 2串口模拟星载计算机与各路姿态敏感器、反作用飞轮串口之间的复杂通信及串口通信Simulink仿真模型的设计。本文用Simulink ,Stateflow和S函数混合建模方法 ,设计了该实时系统的串口通信接口模型。并以星上自主模式为例进行了实时仿真。仿真结果证明了本文设计的卫星姿轨控实时仿真系统的可行性和串口通信接口模型设计的有效性。     

耦合运动对星间激光链路瞄准过程影响及补偿方法研究

在星间激光链路的瞄准过程中,光通信终端与卫星平台的耦合运动是影响瞄准精度的重要因素。本文以耦合运动数学模型为基础,建立了仿真实验系统,并以铱星系统为例,对低轨卫星星间激光链路光束瞄准过程进行了仿真研究。理论分析和仿真结果表明,终端与平台耦合运动所产生的瞄准偏差大于0.9mrad,目标卫星可接收到的信标光功率将被衰减达-7.2dB以上,严重影响目标卫星对信标光的捕获。为确保星间激光链路的建立,提出了耦合运动补偿方法,并进行了相应的仿真实验。仿真结果表明,补偿控制方法使耦合运动产生的瞄准偏差小于2μrad,对信标光的衰减小于-1.7×10-5dB,衰减量可忽略不计。该结果对低轨卫星间激光组网技术的研究具有重要意义。