低轨航天器磁推进及其能力估算

针对地球空间磁场分布特点,提出可用于实现低轨航天器轨道维持、轨道变更的无质消耗推进技术。从基本的磁学理论出发,建立了带磁航天器在地球空间磁场中的飞行磁推力模型,阐述了通过航天器磁性获取无工质消耗连续推力的磁推进概念和原理,阐明了作用机理,提出了磁力矩解耦的磁力线追踪推力策略,给出了磁推进的能力包络和轨道高度保持与提升的典型估算结果。分析表明,当飞行体磁矩达到10⁶Am²量级以上时,可以有效用于600~1000km范围内轨道高度保持或提升。此外,文章还简要分析了实现高磁矩的技术可行性。     

椭圆轨道相对动力学状态转移矩阵

针对已有研究的不足,给出了更加便于理论分析和工程应用,并具有普遍适用性的状态转移矩阵的一种新形式。基于Lawden方程推导了以三维空间中位置-速度表示的状态转移矩阵元素的具体表达式,并将其由角域变换到时域,得到了表示真实位置速度的状态转移矩阵,通过初等变换可以从该矩阵得到任意需要的形式。仿真结果表明了状态转移矩阵的有效性,可将其用于任意偏心率椭圆轨道的三维轨道交会、轨道修正、编队队形设计及控制问题。     

平面引力辅助中施加脉冲的最优位置

在引力辅助过程中施加脉冲可以改善变轨效果。虽然轨道设计中一般将施加脉冲的位置设置在轨道的近拱点,但是并没有研究表明近拱点是施加脉冲的最优位置。为了研究平面引力辅助中施加单次共面脉冲的最优位置,首先采用6个参数对变轨过程进行描述,其中3个参数表征平面引力辅助、2个参数表征脉冲的大小与方向、1个参数表征施加脉冲的位置。然后将航天器的状态向量表示成参数的函数,进而求出变轨之后航天器的能量变化。研究施加脉冲的位置对航天器能量的影响,结果表明最优位置一般并不是近拱点,在最优位置施加脉冲比在近拱点有时可高效20%以上。      

航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别

针对当前航天器研制中日益突出的单粒子防护量化设计问题,分析了单粒子软错误对航天器影响的特征,建立了评估器件或设备单粒子软错误对航天器影响的危害时间模型,给出了航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别方法和步骤,为改进航天器单粒子防护设计提供了客观依据。     

航天器声振力学环境预示与验证

针对航天器声振力学环境预示的难题,开展大型复杂航天器声振力学环境的预示方法研究和试验验证。首先结合航天器声振力学环境的特点,研究采用混合有限元-统计能量分析（FE-SEA）方法建立航天器声振预示模型的关键技术,在此基础上建立整星级和系统级航天器（整流罩-卫星-仪器舱-适配器组合体）的混合预示模型,最后将预示结果与噪声试验数据进行对比,验证了预示方法和模型的有效性,并基于分析结果探讨影响航天器声振力学环境预示精度的关键环节。     

Coordinated attitude control for flexible spacecraft formation with actuator configuration misalignment

This paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem for flexible spacecraft formation with the consideration of actuator configuration misalignment. First, an integral-type sliding mode adaptive control law is designed to compensate the effects of flexible mode, environmental disturbance and actuator installation deviation. The basic idea of the Integral-type Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is to design a proper sliding manifold so that the sliding mode starts from the initial time instant, and thus the robustness of the system can be guaranteed from the beginning of the process and the reaching phase is eliminated. Then, considering the nominal system of spacecraft formation based on directed topology, an attitude cooperative control strategy is developed for the nominal system with or without communication delay. The proposed control law can guarantee that for each spacecraft in the spacecraft formation, the desired attitude objective can be achieved and the attitude synchronization can be maintained with other spacecraft in the formation. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

脉冲子结构与有限元刚-弹混合连接的子结构方法

航天器结构的日益复杂庞大对系统级的动力学建模仿真以及进一步的结构优化提出了巨大挑战。为提高动力学求解效率,通常引用动态子结构方法。本文利用适于处理瞬态冲击问题的脉冲子结构(IBS)方法,并对其进行改进,将基于脉冲响应函数(IRF)的子结构与有限元建立的子结构综合,同时考虑刚性、弹性以及刚-弹混合连接情形下的子结构综合格式。通过3个数值算例,验证了方法的正确性。最后将刚-弹混合连接下的子结构方法应用到月球探测器软着陆的动态响应预测,结果表明该方法适于对月球探测器软着陆动态响应进行高精度快速预测,并且可以应用于月球探测器的局部动力学结构优化。     

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

Nonlinear attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with multiple delays

This paper addresses the attitude tracking control for spacecraft formation with delay free and communication delays. With help of the idea of sliding control, an adaptive attitude synchronization control architecture is established. Furthermore, by introducing a nonsmooth feedback function, a new class of nonlinear controllers for the attitude tracking of spacecraft is developed. Both parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances are dealt with via the kind of controllers. Finally, some simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed results.     

基于传递矩阵和宽频脉冲声的水声材料声学参数测量方法

本文提出利用传递矩阵和宽频脉冲分离法结合的方式,对水声材料的纵波声速和衰减系数进行了测试。介绍了使用收发合置换能器的测量方法、宽频脉冲信号的产生和测量结果,完成了测量不确定度分析。