海上航天测控系统领域本体的构建研究

随着我国航天事业的高速发展,对海上测控系统提出了越来越高的要求。测量船执行任务时涉及飞行器、船载设备、测量船工况等任务要素。本文根据任务要素的主要层次关系及它们之间的约束关系,构建了海上航天测控系统领域本体TTC_Onto,其实现和应用可以有效地提高任务分析的灵活性和准确性。并给出了TTC_Onto的构建过程及其评价机制。     

基于自适应多设计融合航天器近距离操作的执行器故障补偿技术研究

针对带有执行器故障的航天器近距离操作系统,提出了基于多设计融合的自适应故障补偿方法,实现在发生执行器卡死故障情况下,对目标航天器的位置和姿态的跟踪。提出的故障补偿方法无需故障检测,针对每种可能的故障模式设计控制器组成多控制器集合,并有效地将它们融合后构建最终反馈控制器。仿真结果表明了该故障补偿策略的有效性,能够保证追踪航天器系统的稳定性和期望的跟踪性能。     

主从式编队航天器连通性保持与碰撞规避

针对主从式航天器编队过程中存在的通信距离约束、航天器之间的碰撞以及空间干扰等问题,提出一种基于非线性干扰观测器和人工势函数的分布性协同控制方法。当初始通信网络连通时,通过在分布式协同控制器中引入吸引势函数,保证整个编队过程中通信网络始终是连通的。针对主航天器速度仅有部分从航天器直接可知的情况,为每一个从航天器设计分布式的速度观测器估计主航天器的速度,从而实现航天器之间的速度协同。此外,通过在控制器中引入非线性干扰观测器对外界干扰进行观测,显著增强了航天器编队的精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的分布式协同控制方法不但能够实现对主航天器的速度跟踪以及航天器之间的队形保持,而且能够在编队过程中实现通信网络的连通性保持和航天器之间的碰撞规避。     

考虑多禁止指向区域的航天器反步姿态机动控制

针对规避多个禁止指向区域的航天器姿态机动控制问题,本文在利用势函数法构造约束条件的基础上设计了一种基于反步法的航天器姿态机动控制律。首先,构造了一种通用的基于误差四元数的航天器锥形禁止指向姿态集描述,并将其转化为凸约束集形式。其次,基于该凸约束集,提出了一种物理意义明确的新型凸势函数构造方法,且该势函数仅存在唯一全局最小值,避免了传统势函数的局部极小值问题。进一步地,考虑多个禁止指向区域,设计了一种基于反步法的航天器姿态机动控制律。最后,通过典型数值仿真算例表明了本文所提出控制算法的有效性和优越性。     

Influence of aircraft surface distribution on electromagnetic scattering characteristics

In this paper, two typical stealth aircraft concepts (wing fuselage blended and flying-wing) were designed. Then three gradually changed surface distribution models with the same plan-form for each concept were created. Based on the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), the vertical polarization transmitting/vertical polarization receiving (VV) and horizontal polariza-tion transmitting/horizontal polarization receiving (HH) radar cross section (RCS) characteristics were simulated with five frequencies between 0.1 and 1.0 GHz. The influences and mechanisms of aircraft surface distribution on electromagnetic scattering characteristics were investigated. The results show that for the wing fuselage blended concept, the VV RCS of this frequency range is higher than the HH RCS in most cases, while it is just the opposite for the flying-wing concept. As for the two aircraft concepts, the RCS levels of HH and VV both decrease with the frequency increasing, but the HH RCS has a faster downward trend. The surface distribution has little influ-ence on HH RCS characteristics. On the contrary, it has a significant impact on VV RCS charac-teristics, and the amplitude of the VV RCS increases with the surface thickness.     

Robust attitude coordinated control for spacecraft formation with communication delays

In this paper,attitude coordinated tracking control algorithms for multiple spacecraft formation are investigated with consideration of parametric uncertainties,external disturbances,communication delays and actuator saturation.Initially,a sliding mode delay-dependent attitude coordinated controller is proposed under bounded external disturbances.However,neither inertia uncertainty nor actuator constraint has been taken into account.Then,a robust saturated delay dependent attitude coordinated control law is further derived,where uncertainties and external disturbances are handled by Chebyshev neural networks (CNN).In addition,command filter technique is introduced to facilitate the backstepping design procedure,through which actuator saturation problem is solved.Thus the spacecraft in the formation are able to track the reference attitude trajectory even in the presence of time-varying communication delays.Rigorous analysis is presented by using Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system under both control algorithms.Finally,the numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results.     

无壳装药接触爆炸冲量计算的几何分析法

通过几何分析方法得出无壳装药接触爆炸冲量的计算公式并和已有的计算公式进行了对比,指出现行计算公式存在的缺陷。通过瞬态爆轰假设,从理论上分析了现有公式的正确性。实验结果表明:采用几何分析的方法得出的计算公式能较好地符合实际。     

航天器发展对控制理论的挑战

本文综述和分析了现代航天器的发展及其对控制理论提出的挑战。这些挑战包括:①挠性空间结构动力学和控制;②鲁棒性和自适应控制;③高精度多变量控制系统的设计方法和理论;④容错控制系统的设计和人工智能研究;⑤大系统控制理论。     

空间飞行器软对接动力学与控制

本文提出实现空间飞行器软对接的一种可控的六杆对接装置方案。文中建立了该系统的数学模型,给出了对接口的位置和姿态与控制杆轴向位移的关系,文本还给出一个算例,论证这种软对接方案的可行性。     

提高固体火箭发动机性能的技术途径

用固体发动机比冲的理论计算方法计算了发动机比冲与平均工作压强的关系，由发动机质量比的表达式，推出质量比与发动机最大工作压强和平均工作压强比以及药柱装填分数的关系。计算和试验结果表明：发动机比冲随着平均工作压强增加而增加；发动机质量比随着药柱体积装填分数增加以及量大压强和平均压强比的减小而增加。结论：提高平均压强和药柱装填分数以及降低最大压强与平均压强比是提高发动机性能的技术途径。