Estimation of ballistic coefficients of low altitude debris objects from historical two line elements

This paper presents a new method for estimating ballistic coefficients (BCs) of low perigee debris objects from their historical two line elements (TLEs). The method uses the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis of the orbit. For an object with perigee altitude below 700 km, the variation in the mean semi-major axis derived from the TLE is mainly caused by the atmospheric drag effect, and therefore is used as the source in the estimation of the ballistic coefficient. The method is tested using the GRACE satellites, and a number of debris objects with external ballistic coefficient values, and agreements of about 10% are achieved.     

空间天气模式集成可视化演示软件设计

空间天气模式集成是空间天气预报业务化的基础, 空间天气模式集成可视化演示软件系统是其中重要的研究内容之一. 空间天气模式种类繁多, 要素多样, 模型复杂, 且各模式可视化形式及方法具有差异性. 本文综合当前中国空间天气模式的特点, 构建了一套空间天气模式集成可视化演示系统. 该系统兼容性好、可扩展性高, 能够集成当前中国空间天气中大多数模式. 讨论了空间数据管理方法, 基于Visual C++ 软件平台和OpenGL可视化软件模块,以动态加载方式初步实现了多个空间天气模式的可视化集成.      

电离辐照诱发面阵电荷耦合器暗信号增大试验

针对电荷耦合器件(CCD)在空间轨道环境中应用时易受到辐射损伤的影响,对面阵CCD的电离辐照损伤效应问题进行了试验研究.首先,通过开展面阵CCD60 Co γ射线电离辐照效应试验,在暗场条件下测试了面阵CCD辐照后输出信号随积分时间的变化,并拟合计算出暗信号斜率.然后,对比分析了不同偏置条件下辐照后暗信号退化的试验规律;分析了不同偏置条件下辐照后暗信号的退火恢复情况;分析了不同积分时间、不同总剂量下的暗信号不均匀性的变化规律.最后,阐述了电离辐照损伤诱发面阵CCD暗信号增大的物理机制.结果表明:面阵CCD对电离辐照损伤很敏感,在进行航天器成像系统设计时,要充分考虑CCD受电离辐照损伤带来的影响.     

Signatures of strong geomagnetic storms in the equatorial latitude

Ionosonde data from two equatorial stations in the African sector have been used to study the signatures of four strong geomagnetic storms on the height – electron density profiles of the equatorial ionosphere with the objective of investigating the effects and extent of the effects on the three layers of the equatorial ionosphere. The results showed that strong geomagnetic storms produced effects of varying degrees on the three layers of the ionosphere. Effect of strong geomagnetic storms on the lower layers of the equatorial ionosphere can be significant when compared with effect at the F2-layer. Fluctuations in the height of ionization within the E-layer were as much as 0% to +20.7% compared to −12.5% to +8.3% for the F2-layer. The 2007 version of the International Reference Ionosphere, IRI-07 storm-time model reproduced responses at the E-layer but overestimated the observed storm profiles for the F1- and F2-layers.     

空间液滴蒸发实验中液滴图像的无损压缩算法

为了提高空间液滴蒸发实验中图像无损压缩率, 根据连续采集到的液滴图像之间相关性很大的特点, 提出了一种基于JPEG-LS和帧间预测误差编码的图像序列无损压缩算法. 该算法对图像序列第一帧采用JPEG-LS算法编码, 对帧间预测误差帧进行Golomb编码, 从而实现对连续采集到的液滴图像序列进行无损压缩. 实验结果表明, 该算法比单纯采用JPEG-LS算法的压缩率有明显提高, 编解码过程更简单, 编码需要时间更少.      

Spacecraft survivability in the natural debris environment near the stable Earth-Moon Lagrange points

The theoretical analysis of the motion of natural space debris near the stable Earth-Moon Lagrange Points, $L_4$ and $L_5$, is presented with a focus on the potential debris risks to spacecraft operating near these points. Specifically, the research formulates a debris propagation model using four-body dynamics, then applies candidate probabilistic survivability models to a notional spacecraft operating at the $L_4$ and $L_5$ Lagrange points to quantify the collision risks to the spacecraft from natural debris particles. Of the survivability models implemented, the natural debris collision risks to spacecraft survivability are found to be incredibly low, but mitigation strategies to reduce the risk further are identified in this study. Overall, research into stable Lagrange point natural debris propagation improves understanding of the collision risks posed by the naturally occurring Kordylewski clouds and enhances operational planning for Lagrange point space missions.     

空间计量中长度单位和距离测量

长度单位定义是建立在光直线传播、光速在真空中为常数,以及光速各向同性的理论基础上,二维球面上的直线,在三维空间中是弯曲的测地线;三维空间的直线,在四维时空中也是弯曲的测地线。长度单位的定义是否适用四维时空呢？SI秒和SI米的定义适用于全域时空,但使用它们必需明确原时和坐标时的区别。爱因斯坦的狭义相对论以及光速不变原理只适用于惯性系,不适用于非惯性系。本文以转盘上的非惯性坐标系为例,利用广义相对论的坐标变换和时空度规运算,揭示了非惯性坐标系上的时空弯曲和光的非直线传播现象。计算了非惯性坐标系上Sagnac效应对卫星和地面站双向测距的影响,初步研究表明空间测量范围从局域推广到全域的话,诸如引力红移、相对速度效应、Sagnac效应等将会成为空间长度测量不确定度的影响因素,因此空间计量理论必须建立在广义相对论基础之上,用四维时空观念理解空间距离测量问题。     

空间实验室大面积太阳电池阵技术研究

介绍了空间实验室大面积太阳电池阵的方案构型，并进行了模态分析、热结构耦合分析和动力学仿真分析。生产出了全尺寸的集成演示样机，进行了展开试验、主展开机构的模态试验，以及半刚性太阳电池板和二自由度驱动机构的振动试验。计算和试验结果表明，技术方案是可行的。     

空间大气成分探测傅立叶变换红外光谱仪

文章阐述了用于空间大气成分探测傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的国外发展状况,主要介绍了几种国外先进的高分辨率空间大气探测用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的结构、应用范围和技术指标,比较了这几种设备的优缺点和技术特点。     

空间相机相对辐射定标精度分析

文章介绍了CCD相机辐射定标概念;分析对比了平均行标准差法、平均标准差法和广义噪声法三种计算相对辐射定标精度的算法;对归一化系数法、最小二乘法进行相对定标的数学原理进行了介绍;并采用中巴地球资源卫星02B CCD相机辐射定标数据计算三种定标精度,验证了理论分析的正确性,并指出了现有定义算法的不足处。