UC安全的移动卫星通信系统认证密钥交换协议

由于移动卫星和移动用户的计算、存储和通信能力有限,解决移动卫星通信系统的安 全和保密问题面临许多困难。根据移动卫星通信系统的实际情况,分析了系统的安全需求, 基于UC安全模型定义了移动卫星通信系统认证密钥交换协议的理想函数,该理想函数保证了 强安全性和实用性,并用于实际协议的设计。在移动用户和移动卫星通信网络控制中心之 间,设计了一个简单、低计算复杂性的认证密钥交换协议,该协议涉及了较少的交互次数, 认证协议计算负载仅仅需要利用伪随机函数、散列函数和与或计算。同时,基于UC安全模 型,对新的协议进行了可证明安全分析。新协议的安全属性包括可用性、有效性、身份隐藏 的可认证性、前向保密的密钥交换以及协议的模块化可复合性。     

超高真空环境冷焊与防冷焊试验现状与建议

国外的冷焊试验从环境压力(真空度)、试件温度、试验接触面的法向压力、试验表面光洁度污染情况以及接触面是否有相对运动等主要影响因素进行分析;同时采用用于冷焊效应研究的环境试验卫星进行空间冷焊试验;在冷焊防护方面也进行了大量飞行试验及地面模拟试验,试验表明三氧化二铝、二氧化锆、三氧化二铬及二硫化钼等薄膜层能有效降低金属面间的摩擦系数,可以防止冷焊效应的发生。国内冷焊试验主要是地面模拟试验,文章对国内各种超高真空冷焊及防冷焊试验设备分别从用途、技术指标和设备组成等几方面作了详细介绍。并对今后这方面的研究方向提出了建议。     

空间交会轨迹安全性定量评价指标研究

针对当前交会轨迹安全分析缺乏有效的定量评价方法,研究提出了两种考虑实际交会过程导航偏差和控制偏差的安全性定量评价指标,分别是交会过程中任意时刻失效后追踪器的位置误差分布3σ椭球与目标器控制区域的最小距离和两个飞行器的最大瞬时碰撞概率。研究了这两个指标的快速简化计算方法;并基于协方差分析描述函数法(CADET),建立了非线性交会下考虑导航偏差和控制偏差的相对状态及其协方差矩阵的传播模型。通过两个仿真算例验证了两个指标的合理性、快速性和准确性,并且可适应于在线轨迹安全性分析和一般情况下的线性和非线性交会安全轨迹设计。
     

基于MIMO技术的卫星高速数据传输系统研究

多输入多输出（MIMO）系统作为提高频谱效率的一种有效方式,已经成为未来无线通信系统实现高速可靠数据传输的突破性技术之一,受到国际众多研究机构的普遍关注。文章通过研究MIMO信道模型、信道容量、卫星信道特征,构建了全新高速数传系统模型,解决了卫星大容量数据实时传输和频带限制之间的矛盾。     

Performance evaluation of complex systems using evidential reasoning approach with uncertain parameters

The composition of the modern aerospace system becomes more and more complex. The performance degradation of any device in the system may cause it difficult for the whole system to keep normal working states. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the performance of complex aerospace systems. In this paper, the performance evaluation of complex aerospace systems is regarded as a Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA) problem. Based on the structure and working principle of the system, a new Evidential Reasoning (ER) based approach with uncertain parameters is proposed to construct a nonlinear optimization model to evaluate the system performance. In the model, the interval form is used to express the uncertainty, such as error in testing data and inaccuracy in expert knowledge. In order to analyze the subsystems that have a great impact on the performance of the system, the sensitivity analysis of the evaluation result is carried out, and the corresponding maintenance strategy is proposed. For a type of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) used in a rocket, the proposed method is employed to evaluate its performance. Then, the parameter sensitivity of the evaluation result is analyzed, and the main factors affecting the performance of IMU are obtained. Finally, the comparative study shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

太阳电池空间标定技术初探

随着各种新型空间太阳电池的发展和应用,在地面使用太阳模拟器对AMO标准太阳电池进行标定的方法在理论和实践上都遇到了严重的困难,最能反映其实际使用状态的空间标定成为解决问题的理想方案。国外太阳电池空间标定技术已十分成熟,主要航天国家如美国、欧洲、日本、巴西等都进行了各自的空间标定实验。北京东方计量测试研究所进行了太阳电池空间标定原理样机的研制工作。样机由太阳电池板、数据采集与处理模块、太阳敏感器和温度传感器组成,可同时对32路国产砷化镓多结太阳电池进行短路电流的测量,电流测试的标准不确定度小于0.5%(最佳点)。此项研究将形成标准太阳电池空间标定的完整方案,促进我国新型空间太阳电池的研究和应用。     

Space weather and commercial airlines

Space weather phenomena can effect many areas of commercial airline operations including avionics, communications and GPS navigation systems. Of particular importance at present is the recently introduced EU legislation requiring the monitoring of aircrew radiation exposure, including any variations at aircraft altitudes due to solar activity. With the introduction of new ultra-long-haul “over-the-pole” routes, “more-electric” aircraft in the future, and the increasing use of satellites in the operation, the need for a better understanding of the space weather impacts on future airline operations becomes all the more compelling. This paper will present the various space weather effects, some provisional results of an ongoing 3-year study to monitor cosmic radiation in aircraft, and conclude by summarising some of the identified key operational issues, which must be addressed, with the help of the science community, if the airlines want to benefit from the availability of space weather services.     

Aircraft maneuverability improvement by direct lift control system application

The handling qualities of an aircraft will be improved if the Direct Lift Control (DLC) system is applied. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the influence of DLC-type system parameters on the aircraft's maneuverability and to determine the desired values of these parameters for the purpose of obtaining required values of the handling maneuverability criteria. Published papers which deal with direct lift control do not list requirements for evaluating handling qualities and maneuverability of aircraft equipped with DLC system. In this paper, three new criteria permitting the evaluation of results of employing DLC have been defined. Analysis of influence of DLC system parameters on selected known handling qualities criteria (for example CAP, C^*), as well as new DLC efficiency coefficients, have been illustrated with a numeric example of A4D “Skyhawk” fighter aircraft and PZL M-18 “Dromader” agricultural airplane control system modification.     

一种空间机械臂构造模块的研制

提出了通用二自由度空间模块（TODOM）的概念，并以通用TODOM作为空间机械臂的构造模块。TO—DOM由两个旋转模块及一个连接模块共三个基本模块组成。根据空间机械臂的具体构型需要，将TODOM的三个基本模块之间的机械接口进行专门设计，即可配置成确定构型的二自由度关节。由这样数个不同构型的二自由度关节可以组装出具有偶数个自由度的空间机器臂。采用一体化概念设计的TODOM减小了关节的质量与体积，提高了系统的可靠性。通过对由TODOM构成的一套二自由度关节进行的试验初步验证了TODOM设计概念的合理性及可行性。     

International scientific optical network for space debris research

A joint team of researchers under the auspices of the Center for Space Debris Information Collection, Processing and Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences collaborates with 15 observatories around the world to perform observations of space debris. For this purpose, 14 telescopes were equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, CCD frame processing and ephemeris computation software, with the support of the European and Russian grants. Many of the observation campaigns were carried out in collaboration with the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) team operating at the Zimmerwald observatory and conducting research for the European Space Agency (ESA), using the Tenerife/Teide telescope for searching and tracking of unknown objects in the geostationary region (GEO). More than 130,000 measurements of space objects along a GEO arc of 340.9°, collected and processed at Space Debris Data Base in the Ballistic Center of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (KIAM) in 2005–2006, allowed us to find 288 GEO objects that are absent in the public orbital databases and to determine their orbital elements. Methods of discovering and tracking small space debris fragments at high orbits were developed and tested. About 40 of 150 detected unknown objects of magnitudes 15–20.5 were tracked during many months. A series of dedicated 22-cm telescopes with large field of view for GEO survey tasks is in process of construction. 7 60-cm telescopes will be modernized in 2007.