作战响应空间发展研究

"作战响应空间"(ORS)是美国军事转型非常重要的指导思想,是未来军事航天的发展方向.分析了"作战响应空间"的发展背景、内涵、采取措施以及取得的进展,并简要论述了"作战响应空间"对航天发展的启示.     

空间陀螺仪显式标定与隐式标定方法

针对航天器陀螺仪误差系数的标定问题,提出了显式与隐式两种标定方法。建立了显式标定与隐式标定方法的状态方程与测量方程,利用扩展Kalman滤波获得了陀螺仪误差系数的高精度估计,同时比较了显式标定与隐式标定的不同,仿真结果表明,在当前参数设置下,显式标定与隐式标定精度基本相同,两种方法得到的误差系数估计相对误差在10%以内,而隐式标定方法实现较为容易,但对航天器姿态测量精度较为敏感。     

Cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights during solar proton events from 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008

From 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008, GOES satellites recorded 170 solar proton events. For 169 of these events, we estimated effective and equivalent dose rates and doses of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar cosmic radiation (SCR), received by aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights. Dose rate and dose estimates that follow are for altitudes 30, 40, 50, and 60 kft, in that order.     

空间光学遥感器主镜展开机构重复定位精度分析

提出了基于赫兹接触理论的空间光学遥感器主镜展开机构重复定位精度分析方法,利用该方法分别对Boyes支承和Kelvin支承在两种典型布置方式下进行重复定位误差分析。分析结果表明:Boyes支承的重复定位误差受锁紧力不一致性的影响比Kelvin支承要小;增大定位球直径可以减小因锁紧力不一致性而引起的重复定位误差(绝对值),并且减小的趋势逐渐变缓;在对接面内与旁瓣转轴方向相垂直的方向上,重复定位误差对锁紧力位置误差最为敏感。     

空间碎片的空间密度算法研究

由于空间碎片的影响, 空间环境日益恶劣,有必要建立空间碎片环境工程模型对空间碎片撞击航天器进行风险评估.本文研究了空间碎片环境模型中的重要环节, 即碎片的空间密度问题,在统计理论与椭圆轨道理论基础上,分析及推导了空间碎片在空间中的分布状况及空间密度,并得出了碎片空间密度的空间坐标函数解析表达式.同时对引入假设条件的合理性进行了讨论,并利用双行元数据对结论进行了验证, 利用本文方法得出的结果与双行元数据吻合.      

高频激励下旋转柔性臂逆动力学模态自适应方法研究

在空间柔性机械臂的动力学与控制问题中,逆动力学求解常要求有较高的计算速度.当柔性多体系统受到高频激励时,必须考虑高阶模态才能保证足够的计算精度,但同时提高了计算自由度数,降低了计算速度.为了提高此类问题的计算效率,本文将模态自适应策略应用于旋转柔性臂逆动力学建模,计算了高频激励下产生期望旋转运动的柔性臂关节驱动力矩,验证了该方法的有效性,并研究了重力对计算结果的影响.      

Achievements of Space Scientific Experiments Aboard SJ-8 Satellite

As scientific experiment payloads, microgravity experiments of fluid physics, life science,combustion science, physics and accelerator measurement were conducted on board the Chinese recoverable satellite SJ-8 during 18-day orbital flight. The experimental payloads and an experiment support system constituted the microgravity experiment system of the flight mission. This article has presented the briefs of the scientific achievements of these space experiments, the composition and performance of the Microgravity Experimental System (MES) and the general picture of the overall flight mission, respectively.      

New flare model using recent measurements of the solar ultraviolet irradiance

The solar photon output from the Sun, which was once thought to be constant, varies considerably over time scales from seconds during solar flares to years due to the solar cycle. This is especially true in the wavelengths shorter than 190 nm. These variations cause significant deviations in the Earth and space environment on similar time scales, which then affects many things including satellite drag, radio communications, atmospheric densities and composition of particular atoms, molecules, and ions of Earth and other planets, as well as the accuracy in the Global Positioning System (GPS). The Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) is an empirical model that estimates the solar irradiance at wavelengths from 0.1 to 190 nm at 1 nm resolution with a time cadence of 60 s. This is a high enough temporal resolution to model variations due to solar flares, for which few accurate measurements at these wavelengths exist. This model also captures variations on the longer time scales of solar rotation (days) and solar cycle (years). Daily average proxies used are the 0–4 nm irradiance, the Mg II c/w, F10.7, as well as the 1 nm bins centered at 30.5 nm, 121.5 (Lyman Alpha), and 36.5 nm. The GOES 0.1–0.8 nm irradiance is used as the flare proxy. The FISM algorithms are given, and results and comparisons are shown that demonstrate the FISM estimations agree within the stated uncertainties to the various measurements of the solar Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) irradiance.     

Geomagnetic effects on mid-latitude railways: A statistical study of anomalies in the operation of signaling and train control equipment on the East-Siberian Railway

Intense geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) can hamper rail traffic by disturbing signaling and train control systems. GIC threats have been a concern for technological systems at high-latitude locations due to geomagnetic disturbances driven by substorm expansion electrojet or convection electrojet intensifications. However, other geomagnetic storm processes such as storm sudden commencement (SSC) and geomagnetic pulsations can also cause GIC concerns for technological systems. We present in this paper the first evidence based on statistical data for links between geomagnetic disturbances and faulty operations (anomalies) in the functioning of railway automatics and telemetry. We analyze anomalies of automatic signaling and train control equipment which occurred in 2004 on the East-Siberian Railway (corrected geomagnetic latitude _m = 46–51°N and longitude λ_m = 168–187°E). Our results reveal a seasonal effect in the number of anomalies per train similar to the one observed in geomagnetic activity (Kp, Ap, Dst indices). We also found an increase by a factor of 3 in the total duration of daily anomalies during intense geomagnetic storms (local geomagnetic index specific to Siberian Observatory A_max > 30), with a significant correlation between the daily sum of durations of anomalies with geomagnetic activity. Special attention was paid to failures not related to recognized technical malfunctions. We found that the probability of these failures occurring in geomagnetically disturbed periods was 5–7 times higher than the average anomaly occurrence.     

Dark matter search with the CALET detector on-board ISS

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope, CALET, mission is proposed for the observation of high-energy electrons and gamma-rays at the Exposed Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module on the International Space Station. The CALET has a capability to observe the electrons (without separation between e⁺ and e⁻) in 1 GeV–10 TeV and the gamma-rays in 20 MeV–several TeV with a high-energy resolution of 2% at 100 GeV, a good angular resolution of 0.06 degree at 100 GeV, and a high proton-rejection power of nearly 10⁶. The CALET has a geometrical factor of 1 m²sr, and the observation period is expected for more than three years. The very precise measurement of electrons enables us to detect a distinctive feature in the energy spectrum caused from WIMP dark matter in the Galactic halo. The excellent energy resolution of CALET, which is much better than GLAST or air Cherenkov telescopes over 10 GeV, enables us to detect gamma-ray lines in the sub-TeV region from WIMP dark matter annihilations. The CALET has, therefore, a unique capability to search for WIMP dark matter by the hybrid observations of electrons and gamma-rays.