Review on bio-inspired flight systems and bionic aerodynamics

Humans' initial desire for flight stems from the imitation of flying creatures in nature. The excellent flight performance of flying animals will inevitably become a source of inspiration for researchers. Bio-inspired flight systems have become one of the most exciting disruptive aviation technologies. This review is focused on the recent progresses in bio-inspired flight systems and bionic aerodynamics. First, the development path of Biomimetic Air Vehicles (BAVs) for bio-inspired flight systems and the latest mimetic progress are summarized. The advances of the flight principles of several natural creatures are then introduced, from the perspective of bionic aerodynamics. Finally, several new challenges of bionic aerodynamics are proposed for the autonomy and intelligent development trend of the bio-inspired smart aircraft. This review will provide an important insight in designing new biomimetic air vehicles.     

仿枫树种子微型飞行器的总体与飞行控制设计

通过模拟枫树种子独特的自旋飞行方式,设计了一种仿枫树种子的新型微型飞行器。参考枫树种子的外形与重量分布来完成该微型飞行器的总体布局设计,同时采用动态网格非定常流场方法计算分析了该飞行器不同转速下的飞行工况。根据这种飞行器独特的飞行方式,基于地磁场的方位定标,设计了这类自身无固定参考系飞行器的飞行控制方法,最后制造了样机进行飞行试验。结果表明：仿枫树种子微型飞行器具有良好的气动效率,所设计的操纵方案有效可靠,大大增加了这种飞行器的可控性和实用性。     

一种利用剩磁标定的星光/磁测备份自主导航方法

针对空间机动平台GNSS导航系统易受干扰的缺陷,提出一种基于剩磁标定的磁测/星光备份的自主导航方案。当GNSS信号完好时,利用GNSS高精度测量信息和磁强计/星敏带剩磁干扰的联合测量信息不仅可实时估计出机动平台导航参数,同时准确标定出运行环境的剩余磁场强度;当GNSS信号受干扰中断时,在剩磁准确标定的基础上启用磁场/星光备份自主导航方案完成机动平台的导航参数实时估计。由仿真结果可知,当GNSS信号正常时该导航方案具备较高的剩磁标定精度,三轴标定误差为0.026nT,0.293nT,0.107nT;而当GNSS信号受干扰时,备份导航方案三轴位置估计误差为87.3m,172.5m,65.2m,三轴速度估计误差为0.78m/s,0.86m/s, 1.04m/s。 仿真结果表明该方案具备较强的可行性。     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

一种探月任务多窗口发射轨道设计方法

针对探月任务多窗口发射需求和目标轨道受到明显月球引力摄动的特点,提出一种快速高效的发射轨道设计方法：在星箭分离前的发射段,各发射窗口对应的发射轨道的一、二级飞行段完全相同,仅调整三级工作段程序角和无动力滑行时间,以满足入轨要求;在末级排放段,微调末级速度方向,利用月球摄动抬高末级近地点高度,使之超过GEO受保护区。该方法可统一火箭一、二级飞行段状态,缩小子级残骸落区范围,增强入轨参数设计的灵活性,显著提高星箭入轨参数迭代和相关分析工作的效率,明显改善末级离轨效果,符合空间安全相关要求,可推广应用于其他深空探测任务的多窗口发射轨道设计。     

挠性充液航天器超近程逼近段动力学建模与控制

超近程逼近过程中,服务航天器为刚柔液耦合的复杂系统,单摆等液体晃动模型不再适用,对这种工况下的航天器进行了动力学建模与控制的研究。采用虚功率原理推导了一种新的适用于三轴推力作用下的液体晃动等效模型,通过引入相对位置导引矢量与相对位置误差矢量,建立了相对轨道误差动力学模型,结合相对姿态动力学模型,得到超近程逼近段的刚柔液耦合的相对轨道姿态动力学模型。针对模型存在的不确定性和未知干扰,设计了基于滑模估计器的相对姿轨耦合控制律。通过数学仿真验证了控制律的有效性,仿真中的晃动结果与Flow-3D结果能够吻合,验证了晃动模型的合理性。     

火星探测转移轨道初始设计与分析

根据推进方式和是否采用金星借力,火星转移轨道分为大推力直接转移轨道、大推力金星借力转移轨道、小推力直接转移轨道和小推力金星借力转移轨道4类。传统的轨道设计方法只是针对某一类特定的转移方案进行轨道优化,而并未针对不同的转移方案进行详细对比分析。文章以2020/2022年发射窗口为例,针对4类基本火星转移轨道进行研究。首先,基于不同轨道初始设计方法,对4类轨道进行了初始设计,得到了每类转移方案的能量最优转移轨道。然后,基于设计结果和能耗对4类转移方案进行了横向对比分析,得到了不同策略下的转移轨道的特性。基于小推力的火星探测任务轨道对发射能量要求低;大推力直接转移和借力金星的发射窗口交替分布,可以互为备份;基于小推力推进的探测器采用金星借力转移策略相比直接转移能够减少10%的能耗,优势十分明显。     

Methods of spacecraft impulsive relative hovering and trajectory safety analysis

Based on the analytical solutions of T-H equations and its state transition matrix form,the open-loop control method of spacecraft impulsive relative hovering was studied,which is promising for practical engineering use.The true anomaly intervals of the hovering impulse were optimized by the nonlinear mathematical programming.Based on the calculation of collision probability,the method of safety analysis and risk management was proposed.The numerical simulations show that the introduced relative hovering method can be used for circular and elliptical reference orbits hovering.Furthermore,the local optimal solution can be obtained by applying the true anomaly intervals optimization method.The maximum collision probability and the minimum relative distance nearly appear at the same time.And,the smaller the relative distance is,the larger the collision probability.     

倾转旋翼飞行器发动机短舱 倾转角度 -速度包线分析

针对倾转旋翼飞行器过渡飞行中的变体、变速特点提出了一种确定倾转旋翼飞行器从直升机模式向固定翼飞机模式过渡的发动机短舱倾转角度-速度包线分析方法.该方法从低速段包线和高速段包线两方面开展研究,分析倾转过程中旋翼和机翼的气动力匹配关系,以机翼失速限制确定低速段的发动机短舱倾转角度-速度包线,以旋翼可用功率限制确定高速段的发动机短舱倾转角度-速度包线.最后以XV-15倾转旋翼飞行器为样机,计算分析其发动机短舱倾转角度-速度包线,并与XV-15的发动机短舱倾转角度-速度包线进行对比验证.结果表明,建立的倾转旋翼飞行器发动机短舱倾转角度-速度包线确定方法合理有效.      

交叉航路飞行间隔安全评估研究

在交叉航路上初步研究了碰撞风险模型,从冲突区域模型、概率论模型、Event模型、Reich及其改进模型等5种碰撞风险模型的角度,分析了各个模型的使用范围及建模思想,并在此基础上分析了飞行间隔安全评估未来的研究方向：基于CNS性能的飞行间隔安全评估,防撞系统如何减少碰撞风险以及人为因素对碰撞风险的影响,为今后的研究奠定了基础。