空间科学实验平台气液回路方案

空间科学实验平台是为突破单一化实验装置设计模式而研制的一种多用途空间科学实验平台. 根据空间科学实验平台内气液回路设计的相关问题, 给出了回路系统中主要设备的相关设计方法, 包括循环风机、气-液换热器、冷板, 并根据传热效率和系统安全性的考虑, 对流体工质的选择提出建议. 初步分析结果及国际类似研究证明, 气液回路技术结合其他主动及被动热控制措施, 可以很好地满足空间实验平台内部仪器设备及样本的不同温度控制要求.      

空间目标编目测量资源调度策略设计与实现

空间目标编目测量资源调度是一个复杂的系统问题。首先对测量资源调度要素进行分析,然后在对调度需求分解的基础上,给出一个基于CSP（约束满足问题）模型的随机搜索编目调度算法。该算法在目标数量多、任务数据量大、复杂度高的任务环境下,求解快速、稳定。最后对调度软件实现中的核心问题——数据结构组织方式进行了阐述,基于合理的数据结构,调度算法得以高效实现。     

基于空间特性的弹道特征抽取

首先分析了弹道特征的影响因素,然后利用微分几何的相关知识讨论了弹道特征的抽取问题,进而提出了用曲率/挠率-弧长作为参量提取弹道特征的方法,给出了理论分析和应用说明,最后利用仿真数据进行了验证。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确反映出导弹的一些机动动作,如姿态调整及弹头抛撒等,在导弹目标识别中具有一定的应用价值。     

Cytogenetic examination of cosmonauts for space radiation exposure estimation

Purpose

To evaluate radiation induced chromosome aberration frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cosmonauts who participated in flights on Mir Orbital Station and ISS (International Space Station).

Materials and methods

Cytogenetic examination which has been performed in the period 1992–2008 included the analysis of chromosome aberrations using conventional Giemsa staining method in 202 blood samples from 48 cosmonauts who participated in flights on Mir Orbital Station and ISS.

Results

Space flights led to an increase of chromosome aberration frequency. Frequency of dicentrics plus centric rings (Dic+Rc) depend on the space flight duration and accumulated dose value. After the change of space stations (from Mir Orbital Station to ISS) the radiation load of cosmonauts based on data of cytogenetic examination decreased. Extravehicular activity also adds to chromosome aberration frequency in cosmonauts’ blood lymphocytes. Average doses after the first flight, estimated by the frequency of Dic+Rc, were 227 and 113 mGy Eq for long-term flights (LTF) and 107 and 53 mGy Eq for short-term flights (STF).

Conclusion

Cytogenetic examination of cosmonauts can be applied to assess equivalent doses.     

A 12 year comparison of MIDAS and IRI 2007 ionospheric Total Electron Content

Data assimilation in conventional meteorological applications uses measurements in conjunction with a physical model. In the case of the ionised region of the upper atmosphere, the ionosphere, assimilation techniques are much less mature. The empirical model known as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) could be used to augment data-sparse regions in an ionospheric now-cast and forecast system. In doing so, it is important that it does not introduce systematic biases to the result. Here, the IRI model is compared to ionospheric observations from the Global Positioning System satellites over Europe and North America. Global Positioning System data are processed into hour-to-hour monthly averages of vertical Total Electron Content using a tomographic technique. A period of twelve years, from January 1998 to December 2009, is analysed in order to capture variations over the whole solar cycle. The study shows that the IRI model underestimates Total Electron Content in the daytime at solar maximum by up to 37% compared to the monthly average of GPS tomographic images, with the greatest differences occurring at the equinox. IRI shows good agreement at other times. Errors in TEC are likely due to peak height and density inaccuracies. IRI is therefore a suitable model for specification of monthly averages of Total Electron Content and can be used to initialise a data assimilation process at times away from solar maximum. It may be necessary to correct for systematic deviations from IRI at solar maximum, and to incorporate error estimation into a data assimilation scheme.     

基于ProE的航天器三维屏蔽与辐射剂量评估方法研究

为准确评估结构异常复杂的航天器内部遭遇的辐射剂量,本文将直线近似原理和ProE工程软件相结合,自主开发了一种新型的航天器三维屏蔽与辐射剂量评估方法。利用本方法对立方体、球、平板等简单几何体内部的屏蔽厚度和辐射剂量进行了分析计算,计算结果表明基于ProE的三维屏蔽与辐射剂量计算方法是可靠的。结构复杂程度相当于中等规模航天器的模型计算结果表明,本方法能够较高效的分析评估复杂航天器内部遭遇的屏蔽厚度和辐射剂量。
     

空间绳系机器人姿态容错控制方法研究

在精确姿态控制阶段,由于反作用轮的故障,空间绳系机器人会出现姿态控制失稳的问题,为此,提出了一种空间绳系机器人姿态容错控制的新方法。该容错控制方法利用时间延迟控制算法,将前一个周期的控制量引入到当前控制律中,估计并补偿由于反作用轮故障引起的当前控制量变化。在推导该容错控制方法的基础上证明了它的稳定性,从反作用轮无故障和有故障两个方面,对利用时间延迟控制算法与利用PD控制算法的控制律进行了仿真比较。仿真结果表明,利用时间延迟控制方法跟踪目标姿态精度高、鲁棒性强;将时间延迟控制方法用于调整反作用轮故障状态下空间绳系机器人姿态具有较强的稳定性。     

基于蚁群优化-模拟退火的天地测控资源联合调度

研究了一类约束条件复杂、具有多时间窗口特性的天地测控资源联合调度问题。建立了涵盖多种约束的问题数学模型和基于测控弧段时间序的无圈有向图模型,提出了一种蚁群优化-模拟退火算法(ACO\|SA)求解问题。探讨了两种算法的融合策略,完成了包括状态转移规则、可行解生成策略、信息素更新准则、邻域结构、快速退火计划等关键技术的设计实现。多个算例仿真和结果分析表明,测控弧段时间序能保证ACO\|SA得到高质量的优化结果,模拟退火机制能有效提高蚁群优化算法的收敛速度和求解质量,相比于基本遗传算法和先到先服务算法,ACO\|SA能得到质量更好的解。     

The role of the European parliament in the development of a European union space policy

This paper investigates the role of the European Parliament (EP) in the development of the space policy of the EU (EUSP), an important policy area that has been neglected in the political science and EU studies literature. EUSP is the offspring of the European space policy which started as a purely intergovernmental affair, but gradually acquired a supranational dimension. Although the EP did little to initiate this process, it always supported the involvement of the EU in space, and it used both its formal and informal powers to affect and promote its development. Under the consultation procedure the EP managed to become a conditional agenda setter, and under co-decision an influential legislation maker. The changes it introduced in the European global navigation satellite and Earth observation programmes relate not only to the inter-institutional balance and its controlling powers, but to a series of substantive issues also. Consequently, the activism of the EP has played an important part in the development of the EUSP, even if it was not the main force behind its inception.     

基于飞轮控制的空间机器人质量参数辨识

针对空间机器人进行在轨辨识时存在精度不高、燃料消耗较大等问题,提出了基于飞轮控制的在轨辨识方法,可以有效地解决辨识时存在的问题。该方法采用飞轮控制作为激励方式,通过改变机械臂的构型使整个空间机器人系统的质量分布发生变化,分别测量构型改变后的角速度和线加速度,以计算出基座本体的质量、质心和转动惯量。此外,分析了机械臂与本体的质量比对辨识精度的影响。仿真结果表明,本文的方法可操作性强、精度较高,燃料消耗较小,可以应用于空间机器人的在轨辨识中。