空间相机热平衡试验温度预测方法改进及应用

为实现对航天器热平衡试验平衡温度的预测,建立了热平衡温度预测的方程式,对影响预测结果的各参数进行了分析。首先,由节点网络法推导出平衡温度表达式,介绍了其基于非线性最小二乘法的求解过程,建立了平衡温度的迭代方程;其次,结合大量的试验数据,对影响迭代结果的3个因素进行了统计分析,并最终确定了各因素的合理取值范围;最后,利用温度预测程序对某空间相机热平衡试验中低温工况的平衡温度进行了预测,并与试验结束后的结果进行了对比。结果表明,预测温度与试验数据的误差为±1℃（在3%之内）,满足精度要求,对热平衡温度准确的预测有效的缩短了试验时间,节省试验费用。     

中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年,是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年,空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展,也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今,中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程,包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果,对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.     

Research Progress of Interplanetary Physics in Mainland China

Significant progress has been made by Chinese scientists in research of interplanetary physics during the recent two years (2018-2020). These achievements are reflected at least in the following aspects:Activities in solar corona and lower solar atmosphere; solar wind and turbulence; filament/prominence, jets, flares, and radio bursts; active regions and solar eruptions; coronal mass ejections and their interplanetary counterparts; other interplanetary structures; space weather prediction methods; magnetic reconnection; Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical modeling; solar energetic particles, cosmic rays, and Forbush decreases; machine learning methods in space weather and other aspects. More than one hundred and forty papers in the academic journals have been published in these research directions. These fruitful achievements are obtained by Chinese scholars in solar physics and space physics either independently or through international collaborations. They greatly improve people's understanding of solar activities, solar eruptions, the corresponding space weather effects, and the Sun-Earth relations. Here we will give a very brief review on the research progress. However, it must be pointed out that this paper may not completely cover all achievements in this field due to our limited knowledge.     

Laser measurements to space debris from Graz SLR station

In order to test laser ranging possibilities to space debris objects, the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) Station Graz installed a frequency doubled Nd:YAG pulse laser with a 1 kHz repetition rate, a pulse width of 10 ns, and a pulse energy of 25 mJ at 532 nm (on loan from German Aerospace Center Stuttgart – DLR). We developed and built low-noise single-photon detection units to enable laser ranging to targets with inaccurate orbit predictions, and adapted our standard SLR software to include a few hundred space debris targets. With this configuration, we successfully tracked – within 13 early-evening sessions of each about 1.5 h – 85 passes of 43 different space debris targets, in distances between 600 km and up to more than 2500 km, with radar cross sections from >15 m² down to <0.3 m², and measured their distances with an average precision of about 0.7 m RMS.     

LEO空间碎片甚短弧角度数据初轨确定方法对比

光学观测是空间目标观测中最常见的一种观测方式。采用扫描模式工作时光学观测得到的观测弧段弧长通常很短,有时甚至不到被观测空间目标运行周期的1%,这样的角度数据被称为甚短弧角度数据。基于近圆LEO空间碎片地基实测场景,研究比较仅利用角度数据进行初始轨道确定常用方法的性能差异,分析观测弧长对不同初轨确定算法的定轨成功率和误差的影响,为初轨确定工作提供参考。对比分析了常用的几种方法,包括Laplace方法、Gauss方法、Gooding方法和近几年提出的距离搜索算法等。大规模实测数据处理结果显示,距离搜索算法的成功率高于90%,初轨半长轴统计误差仅为25 km。初轨结果表明,距离搜索算法定轨成功率高于其他算法。研究成果可为解决空间碎片初轨确定问题提供参考。     

Ionization effect of solar protons in the Earth atmosphere – Case study of the 20 January 2005 SEP event

The cosmic ray ground level enhancement on January 20, 2005 is among the largest recorded events in the history of cosmic ray measurements. The solar protons of MeV energies cause an excess of ionization in the atmosphere, specifically over polar caps following major solar disturbances. The ionization effect in the Earth atmosphere is obtained for various latitudes on the basis of solar proton energy spectra, reconstructed from GOES 11 measurements and subsequent full Monte Carlo simulation of cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade. The estimation of ionization rates is based on a numerical model for cosmic ray induced ionization. The evolution of atmospheric cascade is performed with the CORSIKA 6.52 code using FLUKA 2006b and QGSJET II hadron interaction models. The atmospheric ion rate ionization is explicitly obtained for 40°N, 60°N and 80°N latitudes. The time evolution of obtained ion rates is presented. It is demonstrated that ionization effect is negative for 40°N and small for 60°N, because of accompanying Forbush decrease. The ionization effect is significant only in sub-polar and polar atmosphere during the major ground level enhancement of 20 January 2005.     

柔性机械臂辅助空间站舱段对接阻抗控制

空间机械臂辅助舱段对接过程中存在测量与控制误差,易导致对接机构间存在较大接触力,传统FMA (Force MomentAccommodation)控制方法在测量接触力时无法消除大负载惯性力对测量的影响,且测量仪器的引入会进一步降低空间柔性机械臂的刚度。为此,文章提出了柔性机械臂辅助大负载空间舱段对接的阻抗控制方法,采用拉格朗日法推导了空间机械臂的关节输入力矩方程作为前馈输入,建立了含动力学前馈的空间机械臂阻抗控制程序,并以在商业软件ADAMS中建立的空间柔性机械臂与对接舱段组成的系统动力学模型作为控制对象,对系统进行ADAMS灢Matlab联合仿真。仿真结果表明,按照此控制方法,系统可克服外力干扰使目标解析点按照期望的方式运动;同时,通过测量机械臂关节运动参数即可实现对外力的准确感知,而不需额外添加力传感器,既消除了大负载惯性力对测量的影响,也不会导致柔性机械臂刚度的降低。     

参数不确定空间机械臂关节轨迹跟踪的增广自适应控制方案

讨论了载体位置与姿态均不受控制的漂浮基两杆空间机械臂系统的控制问题.系统动力学分析的结果表明,结合系统动量及动量矩守恒关系得到的系统动力学方程将为系统惯性参数的非线性函数.证明了借助于增广变量法,即通过适当扩展系统的控制输入与输出可以得到一组控制方程,它们可以表示为一组适当选择的惯性参数的线性函数.以此为基础,针对机械臂末端载荷参数未知的情况,设计了关节空间轨迹跟踪的增广自适应控制方案.此控制方案的显著优点在于不需要测量漂浮基的位置及移动的速度、加速度.仿真运算证实了方法的有效性.     

两类空间目标的非参数姿态判别方法

在详细分析空间轨道目标窄带雷达特性的基础上,利用非参数统计学的随机游程检验理论对空间目标的稳定方式进行判别,从而实现对绕质心旋转和非旋转这两类目标的分类识别。     

氮气分配器设计及其在模拟器中的应用

在风扇换热器组件冷却方案的基础上,提出氮气分配器通风冷却方案并进行合理设计。两种方案下模拟器的流场和温度场数值模拟比较表明氮气分配器方案下发热部件冷却效果更好,该设计方案能使模拟器内部温度保持在各部件正常工作的温度范围里,氮气最大温差控制在设计目标内,对微波布线提供了重要的参考依据。