对欧空局轨道碎片模型的评价

文章评价了颗粒大于1cm的碎片模型,它包含大于10cm的一组粒子和介于1～10cm之间的粒子,它们是由空间暴露模拟得到的。接着讨论了尺寸范围介于0.1～10mm之间的小粒子束流。假定这些粒子主要是由小粒子与卫星碰撞产生的。这种碰撞主要发生在450～500kin的高度范围内(空间站高度),碰撞与否还取决于轨道高度和离心率。     

基于参数辨识的冗余自由飞行空间机器人多臂协调运动规划

根据空间机器人姿态干扰特性，本文提出了利用多层间向神经网络来辨识自由飞行空间机器人本体质量的算法。其次，提出了基于姿态受限广义雅可比矩阵的多臂协调运动规划方法，较好地解决了多臂自由飞行空间机器人进行空间作业时的运动规划和姿态控制问题。     

小卫星空间圆形编队飞行队形设计与比例-微分(PD)控制

以两体相对运动动力学为基础 ,对Hill方程表示的相对运动特性进行了分析。同时给出了小卫星空间圆形编队队形设计。并且以此队形为例 ,引入了比例 -微分 (PD)控制策略对小卫星编队飞行的队形控制进行了研究 ,利用最优算法确定了控制器比例微分系数。数字仿真结果表明了该控制策略的有效性     

航天飞机助推器轻型回收系统

文中对航天飞机固体火箭助推器回收系统所用的降落伞及即将使用的新式轻型降落伞的研制情况作了简要介绍。     

高职教育"产学合作"中存在的问题、障碍及其对策浅谈

以服务为宗旨,以就业为导向,走产学研结合的发展道路,是国家对高职院校办学方向的科学定位。通过与企业开展多方位、多层面的产学合作,是我国大力发展高等职业教育的战略选择,目前处于成长期的我国高等职业教育产学合作面临着多方面的挑战,暴露出了一些问题与不足。对高职产学结合中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出相应的对策,是完全必要的。     

Space Environment Prediction for SZ-4 and SZ-5

The Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CSSAR, CAS)took on the mission of offering the space environment parameters which may be of use to the safety of manned spacecraft. In order to complete the space environment safety guarantee mission for SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC improved the space environment monitoring system, database system, prediction result display system, prediction implementation system, etc. For guaranteeing the safety of the airship and cosmonaut in the first manned SZ-5, flying experiment mission,SEPC developed the software for analyzing radiation dose and early-warning software for large debris collision with SZ-5. Three months before the flights of SZ-4 and SZ-5, SEPC began to predict the safe launch period in view of the space environment, and offered timely and valid reference opinions for selecting the safety period. Especially during the mission of SZ-5, SEPC analyzed the space high-energy environment in a pre-arranged orbit and abnormal orbit andevaluated the radiation dose which cosmonauts may encounter in space. The evaluation offered an important reference for cosmonaut safety and decisionmaking in the SZ-5 mission. The calculation of the distribution of large debris and the collision risk assessment at different orbit entry times for SZ-5 provided an important base for the superior department to make flight decisions.     

Progress on Space Solar Telescope in 2002-2004

The progress on Chinese Space Solar Telescope (SST) in 2002-2004 is introduced. The documentations on plans and outlines based on the standards of Chinese aerospace industry for SST mission has been fulfilled. The key technical problems of SST satellite platform and payloads are tackled during pre-study stage of the mission. The laboratory assembly and calibration of the main optical telescope of 1.2 m spherical mirror and 1 m plain mirror have been carried out with the accuracy of λ/40 and λ/30, respectively. The prototype at 17.1 nm for extreme ultraviolet telescope is under development and manufacture with a diameter of 13 cm. Its primary and secondary mirrors have a manufacturing error of 5nm with a roughness degree of less than 0.5 nm and a multiplayer reflection factor of better than 20%. The on-board scientific data processing unit has been developed. Prototypes for other payloads such as H and white light telescope, wide band spectroscopy in high energy and solar and interplanetary radio spectrometer have been developed accordingly.     

太空环境对肿瘤细胞生理特性的影响

将3种肿瘤细胞搭载于“神舟4号”的卫星返回舱内,经过7天太空飞行,回收后对存活细胞进行单克隆化,观察细胞形态,并测定了细胞周期、黏附力及细胞因子表达.结果显示,经太空飞行,小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞的周期发生改变,G1期细胞明显增多(p<0.05),并表现多种细胞形态;人肺鳞癌细胞L78对血管内皮细胞黏附力明显减弱,但经传代培养其黏附力恢复且超过对照组细胞;Caski细胞IL-2、IL-8、TNF和TGF的表达均明显增加,而L78细胞上述4种细胞因子的表达均显著下降.结论,太空环境可影响肿瘤细胞的某些生理特性,但可否影响肿瘤细胞的免疫原性,仍需做进一步的实验.     

新形势下航天测控系统建设转型思考

针对航天测控系统建设目前所面临的角色定位转换、功能体制转型,以及任务要求不断提高、测控技术快速发展等新形势和新要求,分析了航天测控系统的建设管理和功能体制现状,提出了坚持一体规划、推动系统建设,坚持与时俱进、提升建设标准,坚持信息主导、突出建设重点的系统建设转型思路.并在此建设思路的基础上,提出了装备研制向型谱化、标准化转型,维修保障向全寿命、体制化转型,软件开发向产品化、装备化转型,以及推进一体化网络化、强化综合能力、重视安全性可靠性等建设举措.     

Measuring the economic benefits of a national planetary protection policy to regulate future private space activities between Earth and Mars: Results of a contingent valuation survey in Greece

The emergence of private space actors may soon enable the growth of the novel market segments of space research and exploration, space resources utilization, and human access to space. The interdisciplinary field of Planetary Protection has to keep up with these advances. Planetary Protection is defined as a set of guidelines that aim to prevent the forward contamination of celestial bodies with biological material from Earth and the backward contamination of the terrestrial biosphere with extraterrestrial biological material. As space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies for commercial access to space, significant questions are expected to be raised in the future with respect to potential forward and backward contamination issues, particularly with respect to activities between Earth and Mars. Although such private activities do not seem to pose a serious Planetary Protection threat at the moment, certain preparatory steps need to be taken in order to prudently inform the relevant policy-making procedures. This work describes the application of the Contingent Valuation Method, a useful tool of the environmental economics discipline, with the aim of demonstrating a novel approach to estimate the economic valuation of the external benefits of preventing forward and backward contamination between Earth and Mars. Particularly, via a survey specifically developed for this purpose, a set of questions are used to elicit the perceived economic value that respondents place on the prevention of forward and backward contamination; the survey is administered to a national probability sample in Greece, and the generated data is processed through statistical analysis. The Contingent Valuation Method is a popular and well-established stated preference valuation technique; these techniques are often the more suitable choice for ex-ante valuations of future changes, and are currently the only known approach to capture all the aspects of the economic value of non-market goods. Through an initial proof-of-concept in Greece, the goal of this work is to provide useful insights on the expected external benefits of a national Planetary Protection policy to regulate future private space activities between Earth and Mars, and to encourage a larger-scale application of this tool in other countries around the world.