适合于深空通信的一种新的图像压缩方法

介绍了一种由喷气推进实验室（JPL）开发的新的图像压缩算法——ICER,并详细介绍了ICER算法的容错性能。通过ICER算法与现有的JPEG2000进行对比,重点讨论了其较强的容错性能和较低的算法复杂度在深空通信应用中的优越性。     

空间信息传输协议测试平台研究

未来空间任务的复杂性不断提高,开发一个低成本的地面综合测试平台环境,通过模拟和仿真以确认、优化和验证空间信息传输的协议体系结构、先进技术和应用服务具有十分重要意义。文章描述了空间信息传输协议测试平台的应用对象和研究目标,提出了总体技术框架和功能组成,以未来月球任务为研究对象,分析了测试平台实验场景及测试方法步骤。     

基于多子人口群协作进化的拦截轨道优化

针对基本遗传算法对航天器拦截轨道数值优化计算效率较低的问题,提出了一种新的基于多子人口群协作进化的算法。使用子人口划分技术提高了人口多样性防止早熟,用免疫算子减小搜索空间,两者都加速了进化计算过程。应用此算法求解了具有推力约束和拦截时间约束使燃料消耗量最小的航天器拦截轨道,并分析了其与基本遗传算法的不同。通过航天器拦截轨道仿真表明,该算法优于基本遗传算法,可用较少的计算时间得到全局最佳解,提高了航天器拦截轨道优化的计算效率。     

海上移动测站精度估算方法研究

海上测量是在复杂的动态条件下进行的,测量船外测数据中融入了更多影响数据精度的因素,数据测量结果非常复杂。本文在系统分析测量船误差影响因素的基础上,建立了航天测量船外测数据精度估算模型,据此分析研究了影响测量船外测精度的主要误差因素,并针对主要误差源提出了进一步提高船载设备精度的途径。     

空间微小尘埃质量累积测量方法

利用石英晶体微量天平(QCM)测量技术,开展了针对空间微小尘埃累积质量流的原位测量方法研究,建立了石英晶体电极表面与尘埃粒子吸附的黏附力系数模型。结果表明,当电极表面与尘埃粒子的黏附力系数kmω02时,石英晶体电极表面累积尘埃粒子的质量与石英晶体振荡频率的关系符合Sauerbrey公式。在上述结论的基础上,采用在石英晶体电极表面涂敷黏性薄膜的方法实现了对微小尘埃粒子累积质量流的测量,对理论模型进行了验证。     

基于透射法的能见度测量装置设计与实验研究

探索并实现了一种新型的单端透射式能见度测量装置,该装置是一种易于对准调校的便携式测量系统。介绍了装置的基本设计思路及主要测量原理,进行了装置与参考仪器的能见度测量比对实验。实验验证了装置测量能见度的性能,测量相对误差在±15%以内。     

Space weather and commercial airlines

Space weather phenomena can effect many areas of commercial airline operations including avionics, communications and GPS navigation systems. Of particular importance at present is the recently introduced EU legislation requiring the monitoring of aircrew radiation exposure, including any variations at aircraft altitudes due to solar activity. With the introduction of new ultra-long-haul “over-the-pole” routes, “more-electric” aircraft in the future, and the increasing use of satellites in the operation, the need for a better understanding of the space weather impacts on future airline operations becomes all the more compelling. This paper will present the various space weather effects, some provisional results of an ongoing 3-year study to monitor cosmic radiation in aircraft, and conclude by summarising some of the identified key operational issues, which must be addressed, with the help of the science community, if the airlines want to benefit from the availability of space weather services.     

一种空间机械臂构造模块的研制

提出了通用二自由度空间模块（TODOM）的概念，并以通用TODOM作为空间机械臂的构造模块。TO—DOM由两个旋转模块及一个连接模块共三个基本模块组成。根据空间机械臂的具体构型需要，将TODOM的三个基本模块之间的机械接口进行专门设计，即可配置成确定构型的二自由度关节。由这样数个不同构型的二自由度关节可以组装出具有偶数个自由度的空间机器臂。采用一体化概念设计的TODOM减小了关节的质量与体积，提高了系统的可靠性。通过对由TODOM构成的一套二自由度关节进行的试验初步验证了TODOM设计概念的合理性及可行性。     

International scientific optical network for space debris research

A joint team of researchers under the auspices of the Center for Space Debris Information Collection, Processing and Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences collaborates with 15 observatories around the world to perform observations of space debris. For this purpose, 14 telescopes were equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, CCD frame processing and ephemeris computation software, with the support of the European and Russian grants. Many of the observation campaigns were carried out in collaboration with the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) team operating at the Zimmerwald observatory and conducting research for the European Space Agency (ESA), using the Tenerife/Teide telescope for searching and tracking of unknown objects in the geostationary region (GEO). More than 130,000 measurements of space objects along a GEO arc of 340.9°, collected and processed at Space Debris Data Base in the Ballistic Center of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (KIAM) in 2005–2006, allowed us to find 288 GEO objects that are absent in the public orbital databases and to determine their orbital elements. Methods of discovering and tracking small space debris fragments at high orbits were developed and tested. About 40 of 150 detected unknown objects of magnitudes 15–20.5 were tracked during many months. A series of dedicated 22-cm telescopes with large field of view for GEO survey tasks is in process of construction. 7 60-cm telescopes will be modernized in 2007.     

空间环境对航天器影响的统计分析

概括介绍了空间环境的九个主要区域,归纳了它们对航天器各系统的影响。对114例各类环境造成的航天器失效和异常进行了统计分析,在此基础上对引起航天器失效、异常较多的四类空间环境进行了具体分析。