地月空间探索与开发的思考

提出了地月空间探索与开发的概念,对全球发展态势进行了总结,从人类文明、太空格局、战略安全、科技经济全方位发展等维度阐述了我国开展地月空间探索与开发的发展需求;并提出了地月空间探索与开发的体系组成、能力需求和技术难点,从科学、经济和工程三个方面分析了发展效益,最后给出了发展路线;研究成果可为未来大规模开展地月空间探索与开发提供参考。     

航天光学遥感器光学装调技术现状与展望

航天光学遥感器工作于太空中,长期恶劣的空间环境及短暂发射入轨时的状态对光学系统的设计与装调提出了苛刻的要求,确保光学系统在轨像质优异是航天光学遥感器研制的关键技术.文章结合国际上航天光学遥感器的发展需求对光学系统装调技术及发展现状进行了分析、总结,提出了中国后续航天光学遥感器装调与测试技术的突破方向.     

空间电子学的发展与展望

文章介绍了作者对于空间电子学内涵和学科体系的认识,试图对于空间电子学的发展和展望予以简要说明。     

首颗自主地月转移微卫星“龙江二号”

本文对世界首颗独立完成地月转移、近月制动、环月飞行的微卫星“龙江二号”进行了介绍。首先阐述了龙江二号的任务目标和总体方案;然后重点分析了轨道设计与控制、复杂电磁干扰的标定与抑制、宽视场三维基线干涉测量等关键技术难点;接着回顾了任务的实施过程;最后详细介绍了低频射电探测仪、沙特光学相机和VHF/UHF通信模块与学生微型CMOS相机等有效载荷,并展示了上述载荷获取的初步成果。     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

SSPS-OMEGA超大型球形聚光器结构拓扑构型与设计

为同时兼顾千米量级尺度空间太阳能电站聚光系统的在轨发射安装难度、光学收集效率、稳定性及结构工艺等多方面的因素,提出采用基于球面正多面体的经纬线划分法模块化构建球形聚光器。该方法不仅可实现基础划分单元分布均匀、规格种类少,降低在轨构建与运载发射难度。而且只要合理控制弧高等分数和基础划分单元的口径就可以同时保证聚光系统的光学收集效率。理论与仿真结果显示,当弧高等分数为24时,该划分法共有25种基础单元件,整个球面被分成5762块。并且此时模块化构建的实际球形聚光器的光学收集效率与理想球面相比基本保持不变,解决了太阳能电站聚光系统设计中存在的关键问题。     

低轨天基信息定向分发区域分割编码控制方法

为提高低轨指向性信息分发链路的频谱利用效率,从天基分发平台与地面用户的相对位置关系入手,建立了分发指向、编码增益与信道传输容量的量化关系。在此基础上,提出一种低轨天基信息定向分发区域分割编码控制方法,该方法针对不同信息分发区域,采用最小均方误差(MMSE)作为区域分割准则选择编码方式,既提升了信道传输效率也便于工程实现。最后,本文通过仿真分析了方法的效能和性能影响因素,并与现有自适应编码方法进行了对比,验证了本方法的有效性和可靠性。     

毫米波宽带低副瓣波导缝隙阵列天线设计

本文提出了一种毫米波宽带低副瓣波导缝隙阵列天线。该天线分为上下两层,利用下层的功分器和反相器使电磁波从上层的辐射波导的两端向中心进行馈电,激励12个非均匀波导缝隙辐射单元。该天线呈中心对称结构,结构紧凑,并使得天线的方向图具有稳定性。在辐射波导中引入二阶短路金属阶梯,并且阵列的辐射单元采用非连续的双层缝隙,拓展了天线的工作带宽。所提出的加载二阶金属阶梯双层缝隙阵列天线的阻抗带宽达到16.3%(35.35~41.55 GHz),峰值增益为16 dBi,工作频带内天线的增益下降低于2.5 dBi,副瓣电平低于-20 dB。     

先进的宇航试验舱温控系统

介绍了中国新一代宇航试验舱的温控系统。该温控系统设计思想先进、结构新颖。在直径２．３ｍ,长２ｍ的封闭舱体控温面上,实现了０℃～５０℃的任意温度定点控制及９０ｍｉｎ内的正弦波、梯形波、三角波的周期变化;在整个控温面上温度非均匀性（均方根偏差）小于０．３℃,远远超过了非均匀度±１℃、控制精度±２℃的原设计指标。