空间小鼠实验有效载荷研究进展

啮齿动物是空间研究中常见的模型对象,已开展的空间生物实验中,小鼠表现出对飞行条件的有效适应.通过空间培养,研究者可对失重环境下小鼠的生理行为、骨骼和神经系统变化做进一步研究分析.本文对空间小鼠实验有效载荷的研究进展及其空间飞行实验进行了概述,为中国空间站上的小鼠培养箱设计提供参考.概述了地面小鼠培养技术和装置,为空间小鼠实验有效载荷设计提供地面对照;从实验研究内容和硬件系统设计两方面介绍了国际上已开展的空间小鼠实验,为中国空间生命科学研究和工程研制提供参考;对于中国发展空间小鼠实验有效载荷提出了建议.     

基于语义的空间环境信息服务组合技术研究

随着卫星技术的飞速发展,保障空间技术系统的运行安全对空间环境预报业务提出了更高要求.本文根据空间环境信息服务中数据及模型资源分布式集成与共享的现状,针对空间环境预报数据智能化、自动化生成的需求,将Web服务技术及语义服务组合技术应用到空间环境信息服务中.根据空间环境领域特点,提出了空间环境领域的语义相似度计算方法,并采用基于语义相似度的方法实现空间环境信息服务的自动组合.     

低高度内辐射带高能质子空间分布位形的研究

利用国际地磁参考场模式(IGRF模式)分析了1970—2000年低高度南大西洋负磁异常区位形的漂移与变化,给出了几个高度异常区中心位置磁场强度的变化和位置的变化。利用带电粒子的运动学方程,简要分析了低高度辐射带高能粒子的运动,得出在低高度,磁场是决定辐射带高能粒子空间强度与分布的决定性因素。低高度辐射带空间分布位形的变化特征应该与低高度南大西洋负磁异常区的变化特征基本一致。低高度南大西洋负磁异常区的特征可以作为低高度辐射带空间分布位形的一个初步判据。     

空间在轨制造技术发展综述及展望

本文主要从空间在轨制造技术的发展背景及现实意义出发,对在轨制造技术的发展情况从在轨3D打印、在轨焊接、基于带材的在轨塑性成形制造、在轨原位制造等四方面进行分类归纳和评述,指出相关技术当前发展过程遇到的一系列瓶颈问题,并预测其未来的发展趋势;最后结合国外在轨制造技术发展历程中成功经验,给出了中国在轨制造技术发展需重点关注...     

Estimation of ballistic coefficients of space debris using the ratios between different objects

This paper proposes a new method to estimate the ballistic coefficient (BC) of low earth orbit space debris.The data sources are the historical two-line elements (TLEs).Since the secular variation of semi-major axes is mainly caused by the drag perturbation for space objects with perigee altitude below 600 km,the ballistic coefficients are estimated based on variation of the mean semi-major axes derived from the TLEs.However,the approximate parameters used in the calcu lation have error,especially when the upper atmosphere densities are difficult to obtain and always estimated by empirical model.The proportional errors of the approximate parameters are cancelled out in the form of ratios,greatly mitigating the effects of model error.This method has been also been validated for space objects with perigee altitude higher than 600 km.The relative errors of esti mated BC values from the new method are significantly smaller than those from the direct estimation methods used in numerical experiments.The estimated BC values are used for the prediction of the semi-major axes,and good performance is obtained.This process is also a feasible method for prediction over a long period of time without an orbital propagator model.     

空间材料加工所需微重力水平估算

本文从微重力定义出发,论述了微重力物理效应在流体中发生的原因,并由此把微重力物理效应分成一级和二级效应两类。建立了各类空间村料加工和微重力物理效应的联系,并分别给出发生各类微重力物理效应所需的微重力水平估算。     

The management of stray radiation issues in space optical systems

The performance of infrared and submillimeter systems can be severely degraded by stray light. Stray light includes off-axis radiation, system diffraction and scattering effects, and thermal self-emission. The purpose of this paper is to identify several keys to preventing system degradation due to stray radiation. The first key is to apply stray light design rules and analysis techniques early in the program before the design is finalized. A systems level analysis using stray light analysis software is often necessary in order to identify more subtle problems and to assess the magnitude of their effect on system performance. Another key is to address contamination control and the choice of surface coatings early in the program. The management of stray radiation issues is extremely cost-effective, if begun early in the program, and can reduce later schedule hardships.     

积分球在实验室内用于空间遥感器的辐射定标

文中介绍了国外可见光实时传输型航天遥感器在发射前使用积分球对其进行大气条件下辐射定标的技术,得出的定标系数A用于图像的辐射校正。阐述了积分球的设计原理与方法。计算了内壁涂料光谱反射率、光源功率、光源分布色温以及安放位置对积分球出射窗口输出辐亮度的影响。设计球体达到的基本指标为:球体直径Φ=1600mm,开口直径φ=300mm,最低级识分辐亮度(0.45～0.52μm)时L=1.03W/m~2.str,最高级L=12.79W/m~2.str,朗伯特性(中心点)±30°内优于1％,开口面均匀性η=0.9％,辐亮度不确定度δ=6％。用该球对CCD相机定标,结果与用“6S”软件计算的相一致。     

空间目标监视雷达技术探讨

本文分析了空间目标分布特性和国外空间目标监视技术发展趋势，提出了我国发展空间目标监视雷达需要注重研究的关键技术。     

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Overview: The Instrument Suite and Mission

NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP), formulated in response to the President’s Vision for Space Exploration, will execute a series of robotic missions that will pave the way for eventual permanent human presence on the Moon. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is first in this series of LPRP missions, and plans to launch in October of 2008 for at least one year of operation. LRO will employ six individual instruments to produce accurate maps and high-resolution images of future landing sites, to assess potential lunar resources, and to characterize the radiation environment. LRO will also test the feasibility of one advanced technology demonstration package. The LRO payload includes: Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes, surface roughness, and search for possible polar surface ice in shadowed regions, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) which will acquire targeted narrow angle images of the lunar surface capable of resolving meter-scale features to support landing site selection, as well as wide-angle images to characterize polar illumination conditions and to identify potential resources, Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) which will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice, and will provide space radiation environment measurements that may be useful for future human exploration, Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) which will chart the temperature of the entire lunar surface at approximately 300 meter horizontal resolution to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits, Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) which will map the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ice and frost in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation. The technology demonstration is an advanced radar (mini-RF) that will demonstrate X- and S-band radar imaging and interferometry using light weight synthetic aperture radar. This paper will give an introduction to each of these instruments and an overview of their objectives.