曲线轨迹下前视多通道SAR解模糊成像算法

前视合成孔径雷达（SAR）存在左右模糊问题,在直线航迹下,目标关于航线对称模糊,模糊关系不随航线变化,可利用波束形成进行全孔径解模糊处理;但在曲线航迹下,目标的模糊关系具有空变性,不能全孔径解模糊成像。针对这一问题,分析了曲线航迹下目标模糊关系的空变特性,提出一种前视多通道SAR快速后向投影子孔径处理解模糊成像算法。首先进行子孔径划分,在每个子孔径内目标的模糊关系近似不变,每个子孔径分别成像,然后通过波束形成对每幅子图像进行解模糊处理,最后融合子图像得到最终的成像结果。算法有效解决了曲线轨迹下目标模糊关系的空变性对解模糊的影响,仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.     

高低轨双星时频模糊雷达信号的频差估计算法

针对高低轨双星定位系统中，雷达信号定位参数估计结果同时存在时差与频差模糊的问题，分析了相参脉冲串信号的模糊特性；利用粗略配对的脉冲串获得到达时间差序列，避免了对时域高度密集的脉冲进行配对的难题；在此基础上，提出了对时差序列进行中心差分计算频差粗估值实现频差模糊消除的方法；推导得出了频差粗值误差随着辐射源载频的增加、脉冲到达时间测量误差的增大、时差差分间隔的减小而增大的结论。仿真结果表明，频差粗值误差与理论值一致；通过设置合理的差分间隔，得到无模糊的频差粗值以后，频差精估精度逼近CRLB。新算法便于工程实现，对长基线定位系统中雷达信号的频差估计具有一定参考价值。     

小数偏差产品质量评估及固定性能分析

为了评估不同小数偏差产品的数据质量和模糊度固定效果，比较了2016年全年的SGG FCB产品和CNES产品，结果表明两种产品具有很高的一致性，SGG FCB产品的数据完整性更好。应用两种产品进行精密单点定位(PPP)固定解的静态结果平面位置精度可以达到1 cm以内，高程位置精度可以达到1~2 cm，采用两种产品获得的PPP模糊度固定率十分接近，动态模式下处理静态数据的位置结果可以达到平面2~3 cm，高程5 cm以内的精度，两组固定解的位置误差结果差异不超过5 mm，模糊度固定成功率分别为92.37%和92.14%，两种小数偏差产品在23分钟左右完成首次固定，能够有效提高PPP的收敛速度。使用两种小数偏差产品得到的机载动态数据结果也非常相近。     

Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data for global single receiver

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) can improve precise point positioning (PPP) performance significantly. IAR for PPP became a highlight topic in global positioning system (GPS) community in recent years. More and more researchers focus on this issue. Progress has been made in the latest years. In this paper, we aim at investigating and demonstrating the performance of a global zero-differenced (ZD) PPP IAR service for GPS users by providing routine ZD uncalibrated fractional offsets (UFOs) for wide-lane and narrow-lane. Data sets from all IGS stations collected on DOY 1, 100, 200 and 300 of 2010 are used to validate and demonstrate this global service. Static experiment results show that an accuracy better than 1 cm in horizontal and 1–2 cm in vertical could be achieved in ambiguity-fixed PPP solution with only hourly data. Compared with PPP float solution, an average improvement reaches 58.2% in east, 28.3% in north and 23.8% in vertical for all tested stations. Results of kinematic experiments show that the RMS of kinematic PPP solutions can be improved from 21.6, 16.6 and 37.7 mm to 12.2, 13.3 and 34.3 mm for the fixed solutions in the east, north and vertical components, respectively. Both static and kinematic experiments show that wide-lane and narrow-lane UFO products of all satellites can be generated and provided in a routine way accompanying satellite orbit and clock products for the PPP user anywhere around the world, to obtain accurate and reliable ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

多极化星载SAR模糊比分析与计算

模糊比的计算是星载SAR系统设计需要考虑的重要方面,多极化系统的模糊比分析与单极化不同,尤其是距离向模糊比与单极化系统有很大的差异。文章主要针对这一问题,给出了多极化模糊比的模型,推导出计算公式,最后给出系统设计的仿真结果以及相应的结论。     

ANALYSIS OF THE RETURNED SIGNAL MODEL IN BISTATIC RADAR SYSTEMS

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基于恒模特性的QPSK-DSSS信号扩频序列估计

 针对非合作低信噪比条件下的QPSK-DSSS信号,提出一种基于恒模特性的扩频序列估计算法。该算法首先将单用户QPSK-DSSS信号等效为两用户的BPSK-DSSS信号,其次通过对信号协方差矩阵进行特征分解,估计出由同相与正交两路扩频序列张成的二维信号子空间,最后利用扩频序列的恒模特性消除特征分解带来的酉阵模糊问题,实现扩频序列的精确估计。本文提出算法实现简单,相对目前现有传统算法具有较低的计算复杂度,而且计算机仿真表明:本文提出算法在低信噪比条件下具有优良的估计性能。     

一种组合模糊度搜索方法的研究

GPS数据质量直接影响模糊度搜索的正确与否。首先对GPS数据质量进行控制,利用现有的几种模糊度 搜索方法的优点,组合成一种模糊度搜索方法,并从三个方面对其进行检验,即RATIO检验、OVT检验、多项式拟合残差 检验。为验证该算法,用单频GPS接收机进行了实验,利用文中的方法在31s以内正确确定了模糊度,其基线长误差小 于1cm,表明该方法不但可以改进模糊度的搜索速度,而且可以进一步提高可靠性和成功率。该方法可广泛应用于定向 及姿态测量。     

随机间隔脉冲串雷达信号的平均模糊函数研究

研究了随机间隔脉冲串雷达信号，给出了该随机序列的模糊函数数学表达式，对推导过程所采用的主要方法和思路作了详细叙述，并分析了调制参数变化对结果的影响。