Evolution of Dst index,cosmic rays and global temperature during solar cycles 20–23

We have studied conditions in interplanetary space, which can have an influence on galactic cosmic ray (CR) and climate change. In this connection the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field parameters and cosmic ray variations have been compared with geomagnetic activity represented by the equatorial Dst index from the beginning 1965 to the end of 2012. Dst index is commonly used as the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere interaction characteristic. The important drivers in interplanetary medium which have effect on cosmic rays as CMEs (coronal mass ejections) and CIRs (corotating interaction regions) undergo very strong changes during their propagation to the Earth. Because of this CMEs, coronal holes and the solar spot numbers (SSN) do not adequately reflect peculiarities concerned with the solar wind arrival to 1 AU. Therefore, the geomagnetic indices have some inestimable advantage as continuous series other the irregular solar wind measurements. We have compared the yearly average variations of Dst index and the solar wind parameters with cosmic ray data from Moscow, Climax, and Haleakala neutron monitors during the solar cycles 20–23. The descending phases of these solar cycles (CSs) had the long-lasting solar wind high speed streams occurred frequently and were the primary contributors to the recurrent Dst variations. They also had effects on cosmic rays variations. We show that long-term Dst variations in these solar cycles were correlated with the cosmic ray count rate and can be used for study of CR variations. Global temperature variations in connection with evolution of Dst index and CR variations is discussed.     

太阳翼铰链结构的动力学实验与非线性动力学建模

通过动力学实验获得真实的太阳翼板间铰链结构于不同激振频率下的振动响应参数,并采用力状态映射法建立板间铰链的非线性动力学模型。首先,采用单频激励信号模拟外扰对实际的板间铰链结构实施动力学实验;然后,基于其结构具有的多重非线性动力学特性,根据实验数据应用力状态映射法辨识结构的动力学参数,建立其非线性动力学模型;最后,对由太阳翼板间铰链连接的两段梁所构成的系统进行了冲击激励下的振动响应测试,同时进行了有限元动力学仿真,实验测试结果和数值仿真结果取得了较好的一致性。本文建立的太阳翼板间铰链非线性动力学模型能够较好地反映其动力学特性,对于实际太阳翼结构的动力学建模具有理论参考价值。     

太阳能飞行器设计域分析和总体设计方法

根据太阳能飞行器单点设计过程的特点,总结出太阳能飞行器的控制方程组,即升重平衡、推阻平衡和能量平衡方程。针对能量平衡的特点,将其分成全天能量闭环和夜间能量闭环,并就上述两个能量闭环分析太阳能飞行器的翼载荷设计边界,研究了由两个能量闭环所形成的翼载荷设计域,探讨了影响翼载荷设计域的参数敏感程度。进一步,基于翼载荷可行设计域提出了一种太阳能飞行器总体设计方法,并通过算例论证了该方法的有效性。本文工作对太阳能飞行器的设计过程有指导意义。     

折叠太阳翼支承点分布优化分析

为了研究支承点分布对折叠太阳翼固有频率的影响,以典型两折叠太阳翼结构为研究对象,根据能量守恒原理和Rayleigh-Ritz理论推导出两折叠太阳翼的振动方程和频率方程。对折叠太阳翼固有特性及支承点分布对其固有特性的影响进行深入分析,并以基频最大为目标对其支承点的分布进行优化,获得最优支承位置。算例分析表明,在给定支承点分布情况下,理论计算结果与有限元分析结果具有较好的一致性。研究结果可为折叠太阳翼支承点分布的设计提供理论分析依据。     

Optimization and analysis of composite sandwich box beam for solar drones

Solar drones have garnered considerably research attention in recent years due to their continuous cruising capability, and the feasibility of design schemes is sensitive to the weight of structure. Sandwich box beam composed of carbon fiber and polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam is conducive to realize the lightweight of structure. In this study, a two-stage optimization design methodology for sandwich box beam is proposed. This methodology is primarily based on a low-order analytical method for evaluating stress/deflection and the linear buckling analysis method combined with experimental correction factor for predicting the buckling eigenvalues. Subsequently, a case study was conducted using an 18-m wingspan solar drone, where the results of mechanical test verified the optimization results. For validating the use of sandwich box beam in solar drones of other scales, additional analysis was conducted based on three aspects: (A) effects of stiffness and stability constraints on the design of sandwich box beam; (B) crucial role of the weight of foam inter layer and application scope of sandwich box beam; (C) best method to improve the buckling eigenvalue of sandwich box beam. Overall, the methodology and general rules presented in this paper can support the design of light wing beam for solar drones.     

影响卫星故障的空间天气分析

基于美国国家地球物理数据中心(NGDC) 2384例和中国19颗卫星的263例卫星故障信息, 结合1963-2012年小时平均的多种空间环境数据, 定量分析了三种卫星故障发生期间的空间要素特征, 探讨单粒子锁定(SEU)、表面充电致静电放电(ESD)和内部深层充电所致电子引起的电磁脉冲(ECEMP)与空间天气事件的可能联系, 得出以下主要结论. (1)大部分SEU和ECEMP发生于空间天气平静时, 但在其前后3日内地磁活动达到了磁暴水平, 相对来说比例最大的发生在Dst_min之后第3日 (48～72h). (2) ESD受地磁活动和高能电子通量影响明显. 与磁暴、相对论电子通量增强事件的季节性相对应, 两分点附近ESD和ECEMP的发生率高; 93.6% 的 ESD发生前后72h内地磁活动达到磁暴水平, 故障发生时间均匀分布在 Dst_min前0～48h 和后0～24h; 54.9%的ESD 发生时处于地磁暴期(Dst <-30nT), 以-50～-30nT的小磁暴水平居多; 40.6%的ESD发生于高能电子通量高水平期(≥ 103pfu, 1pfu =1cm-2·s-1·sr-1), 81.9%的ESD发生前后72h 内高能电子通量峰值≥ 103pfu, 发生率最高时段为电子通量峰值前 48～72h. (3)高能电子对中国同步轨道卫星的SEU影响明显, 42.5% 故障发生 时高能电子通量≥ 103pfu, 故障在峰值前48～72h和峰值后48～72h 的发生概率相当, 约为23.0%. (4)同步轨道卫星SEU受太阳质子事件的影响相对较大, 22.5%的中国同步轨道卫星故障发生前后72h内发生了太阳质子事件, 季节性不明显.      

带移动滑块的太阳帆航天器动力学建模与姿态控制

针对以移动滑块为控制执行机构的太阳帆航天器,基于拉格朗日分析力学建立了航天器—滑块两体系统非线性耦合动力学模型.为简化控制律设计,将控制回路分为内外环,并分别设计控制律.外环以航天器姿态为受控变量,滑块位移为控制输入;内环以滑块位移为受控变量,滑块驱动力为控制输入.最终将控制律代入系统原非线性模型,以行星际太阳帆航天器姿态控制任务为例进行数值仿真.仿真结果表明,以移动滑块为执行机构,采用所设计控制律,可以实现太阳帆航天器快速姿态调整及长期姿态保持.     

刚性太阳电池阵基板研制与质量控制

文章介绍了中国某卫星太阳电池阵基板的研制成果。主要内容包括工艺方案选择、工装模具设计加工、选材和材料特性试验、胶接成型工艺研究和各种环模试验等,结果表明所研究的成型工艺成果经环模试验和各种飞行试验,制品各项指标满足设计要求。     

一种提高太阳能帆板受晒效率方法

为提高航天器空间太阳能利用率,提出了一种可实现帆板对日定向功能的改进太阳能帆板双自由度驱动机构。根据航天器的轨道理论推导出在对日定向要求下太阳能帆板的运动规律和机构的运动轨迹,并给出了双自由度驱动机构的轨迹规划和驱动轴实时转角。仿真结果表明:用该法能实现帆板的对日定向,提高其受晒效率,对未来航天器太阳能帆板驱动机构设计与控制有一定的参考价值。     

敏捷卫星高刚度太阳翼的设计与验证

基于对国内外敏捷卫星带辅助支撑式太阳翼现状及存在问题的分析,开展了太阳翼的构型设计与布局优化,设计一种基于带簧铰链与自适应锁定式铰链的单臂支撑式高刚度太阳翼。利用支撑臂中部带簧铰链在弯折后形态可变的特性,解决了多连杆闭环机构收拢状态下的杆长匹配问题;利用太阳翼根部自适应锁定式铰链可自动调节锁定状态的特性,解决了展开末了过约束锁定的技术难题,实现了带辅助支撑式太阳翼根部铰链的可靠锁定功能。开展太阳翼展开静力矩裕度分析、模态分析和展开动力学分析,结果表明,太阳翼展开力矩裕度大于1,展开状态下基频大于8 Hz,展开过程顺畅无死点,展开末了冲击力不超过750 N。开展了太阳翼地面试验验证和在轨飞行验证,结果表明,该高刚度太阳翼满足敏捷卫星在轨长时间快速机动的使用要求。