Solar particle dynamics during magnetic storms of July 23–27, 2004

It is a case study of a chain of three magnetic storms with a special attention to the particle dynamics based on CORONAS-F and SERVIS-1 low altitude satellite measurements. Solar proton penetration inside the polar cap and inner magnetosphere and dynamics at different phases of the magnetic storms was studied. We found, that solar protons were captured to the inner radiation belt at the recovery phase of the first and the second magnetic storms and additionally accelerated during the last one. No evidence of sudden commencement (SC) particle injection was found. Enhanced solar proton belt intensity with small pitch angles decreased slowly during satellite orbits for 30 days until the next magnetic storm. Then in 20–30 h we registered strong precipitation of these protons followed by the trapped proton flux dropout. Intensity decrease was more pronounced at lower altitudes and higher particle energies.     

Global dynamics of high area-to-mass ratios GEO space debris by means of the MEGNO indicator

In this paper we provide an extensive analysis of the global dynamics of high-area-to-mass ratios geosynchronous (GEO) space debris, applying a recent technique developed by Cincotta and Simó [Cincotta, P.M., Simó, C.Simple tools to study global dynamics in non-axisymmetric galactic potentials–I. Astron. Astrophys. (147), 205–228, 2000.], Mean Exponential Growth factor of Nearby Orbits (MEGNO), which provides an efficient tool to investigate both regular and chaotic components of the phase space.     

The Expansion of Coronal Plumes in the Fast Solar Wind

Coronal plumes are believed to be essentially magnetic features: they are rooted in magnetic flux concentrations at the photosphere and are observed to extend nearly radially above coronal holes out to at least 15 solar radii, probably tracing the open field lines. The formation of plumes itself seems to be due to the presence of reconnecting magnetic field lines and this is probably the cause of the observed extremely low values of the Ne/Mg abundance ratio. In the inner corona, where the magnetic force is dominant, steady MHD models of coronal plumes deal essentially with quasi-potential magnetic fields but further out, where the gas pressure starts to be important, total pressure balance across the boundary of these dense structures must be considered. In this paper, the expansion of plumes into the fast polar wind is studied by using a thin flux tube model with two interacting components, plume and interplume. Preliminary results are compared with both remote sensing and solar wind in situ observations and the possible connection between coronal plumes with pressure-balance structures (PBS) and microstreams is discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

第22与23周磁静日北京台银河宇宙线周日变化与半日变化特征

利用快速傅里叶变换及其计算功率谱的方法研究了第22和23周磁静日北京宇宙线台站记录的银河宇宙线强度的周日变化与半日变化，计算结果表明，在两个太阳活动周交替时，银河宇宙线的周日变化与半日变化特征消失，在太阳活动低年逐渐向高年过度时，首先出现的是周日变化。半日变化特征出现要滞后于周日变化，22周太阳活动高年看不出周日变化，而23周太阳活动的高年周日变化非常显著，22周太阳活动的下降期。只有周日变化而无半日变化。这是分析北京宇宙线台近2个太阳活动周数据得到的新结果。     

空间环境对漫反射板的影响

光学系统在空间环境条件下的衰变对卫星遥感仪器探测精度有重要影响．漫反射板是星载光学遥感仪器辐射定标的重要工具．本文通过对ＡＤＥＯＳ／ＴＯＭＳ和Ｅａｒｔｈ Ｐｒｏｂｅ／ＴＯＭＳ仪器馒反射板漫反射率衰变特性的比较，分析研究了原子氧和太阳紫外辐射对漫反射板的影晌．结果表明，太阳紫外辐照和原子氧剥蚀引起的漫反射板反射率衰变系数分别为０．０００４９／ｈ和１．２ × １０－１７ｃｍ２，但在卫星入轨初期，太阳紫外辐照的影响可增加约４倍．     

CHANGES OF THE THERMOSPHERE DENSITY IN THE SUNSHINE AND SHADE AREA OBSERVED BY "SZ-2" ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY DETECTOR

In this paper, thermosphere density data of "SZ-2" Atmospheric Density Detec tor From February to April 2001 are used to study the changes of the thermo sphere density in the sunshine and shaded area during solar and geomagnetic activity. The results show that in the sunshine area, the peak value of atmo spheric density changes as F10.7 varies; during geomagnetic activity, the peak value of atmospheric density in the shaded area increases as Ap increases, and start off with higher latitude, therefore move to lower latitude.     

SPACE CHEMISTRY RESEARCHES IN CHINA DURING 2000-2001

Over the past two years, significant progress in space chemistry has been made in China. The research fields include meteorites, pre-solar materials, science researches of the moon, effects of the space debris on space environment, and heterogeneity of the Earth. Chinese Lunar Exploration Project Some studies are also dedicated to one important space mission "Chinese Lunar Exploration Project". In this paper, the main achievements are outlined, and some concepts and hypotheses are briefly revised.     

两冕流间CME事件数值模拟的改进

通过偶极子场和六极子场适当叠加，改进猜解磁场，使猜解磁场在太阳南北极符号相反，然后采用理想磁流体力学方程组(MHD)，由猜解磁场与太阳风流动相互作用计算出稳态自洽解，得到定性上与观测比较接近的具有两个冕流的背景结构．在两个冕流间采用具有同心圆磁场位形的触发模型触发CME事件，研究CME的日冕传播特征．模拟结果表明，CME被约束在两冕流间传播，CME闭磁场位形和磁云横截面磁场位形相似，可以解释1AU处观测磁云的部分特征；在CME附近，存在压力和Lorentz力起主要作用的区域，这可以为分析1AU处CME事件的观测数据提供帮助．     

神舟4号大气成分探测的新结果

神舟4号(SZ-4)大气成分探测器搭载在SZ-4留轨舱上于2002年12月30日发射入轨，在在轨运行的前3个多月中，正值地球南半球处于夏半球季节，并发生了多次中低强度的地磁扰动事件，SZ-4大气成分探测器测得了轨道舱运行高度上(330-362km附近)大气成分的响应变化和异常现象新结果．探测数据表明，中低强度的地磁扰动事件也能引起热层大气中主要成分O和N2的数密度值增高的响应变化．同样在进入地磁扰动峰期后较高纬度处出现了N2的异常增变和O的异常降变以及大气密度异常扰动的现象，但此期间所出现异常现象的地域与SZ-3和SZ-2大气成分探测器探测结果相反，它仅位于南半球较高纬度地区．     

萤火一号火星探测计划的科学目标

与其他行星相比火星是与地球最为相似, 也是最有可能在其上发现地球以外生命现象的一颗行星, 因此特别受到人类的关注. 近年来, 有国家已经发射了火星探测器, 并启动了载人火星探测研究计划. 中国是世界上第五个具备自主发射人造卫星的国家, 也是世界上第三个具备自主开展载人航天活动的国家. 但是中国在深空探测领域才刚刚起步. 2007年中俄两国签署了联合探测火星计划, 俄罗斯负责将中国研制的一颗微小卫星------萤火一号发送至火星轨道. 萤火一号将开展自主探测, 并与俄罗斯的火卫一探测器开展联合探测. 本文综述了萤火一号任务提出的科学背景及科学目标, 简要介绍了为实现科学目标配置的有效载荷, 以及入轨后的主要探测任务, 并对其科学探测结果进行了初步的展望.