Integrated design of solar thermal propulsion system for microsatellite with liquid ammonia as propellant

This paper presents a design of solar thermal propulsion (STP) system for microsatellite with liquid ammonia as propellant. The system was equipped with two concentrators, which were respectively placed in the tank and thrust chamber for propellant supply and heating. A platelet heat exchanger was adopted to heat the propellant in the chamber, and the fluid–solid coupling effect between the wall and the gas was considered. Meanwhile, the effects of satellite mass, initial orbit, nozzle size and target temperature on the performance of STP system were analyzed. The results show that for microsatellites with a total mass of 100 kg, the STP system can fully heat the propellant to more than 2050 K, generate an intermittent thrust of about 26 N, and enable the satellite to obtain a velocity increment of more than 1470 m/s within 19 days, consuming only 42 kg of propellant, which can directly meet the transfer mission from the geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) to the geostationary orbit (GEO). The maximum velocity increment could reach more than 1950 m/s when the propellant was completely consumed; Changing the mass and initial orbit of the satellite will not affect the thrust and specific impulse. Satellites with smaller mass will spend less time and propellant during orbit transfer. The lower is the perigee height of the initial orbit, the greater is the propellant consumption, while the shorter is the time of orbit transfer; The reduction of nozzle throat size and target temperature will lead to the increase of specific impulse and the decrease of orbital transfer time, but the reduction of thrust.     

空间太阳能发电和微波与电离层相互作用

本文第一部分研究了空间太阳能热发电，基于所提的评价动力系统的准则，比较了三种热力学系统，并给出了一些参数变化对闭式回热Ｂｒａｙｔｏｎ循环系统的影响，本文第二部分对微波速对电离层中电子的加速和受热进行了数值研究，得出了一些结果。     

用太阳舵控制大型挠性体太空帆的控制方法

本文论述了一种用太阳舵控制大型挠性体太空帆的控制方法。介绍了太阳舵控制原理、控制方案,给出了控制规律,推导了解耦控制力矩方程。最后分析了挠性振动的稳定性控制。     

太阳电池阵的模态分析

人造卫星的刚性太阳电池阵有两种工作状态。构成它的各板块之间的连接机构的非线性性质对其展开时的模态影响很大。本文给出了连接装置的线性化和有限元分析的模型,阐述了用子结构和计及非线性性质的分析方法,给出了其伸展态的前几个模态状况;简述了模态试验的方法并比较了有限元分析和实尺度模态试验结果。 在试验基础上作参数修改和模态重新分析,使固有频率的总相关系数达90％。     

辐射换热条件下空间薄壁圆管结构瞬态温度场、热变形有限元分析

对航天结构中常见的辐射换热条件下的空间薄壁圆管结构，构造了一种用于非线性瞬态温度计算的傅立叶－有限单元。圆管温度沿杆长用有限元离散，沿周向分布展成三角函数。圆管温度单元每个结点包含平均温度、余弦和正弦分布温度幅三个自由度，并且在每个时间步内实现了平均温度增量与沿截面温差增量的解耦。在结构热变形分析时圆管单元节点上既承受温度轴力，又承受截面温差导致的热弯矩。采用这种单元对非线性换热条件下的复杂空间结构进行离散可以较准确地反映结构的温度场与热变形。经与前人的解析解和三维有限元结果的验证，证明该单元是可靠的。对太阳能帆板梁与空间抛物面天线的热－结构分析说明这种新单元的应用价值。     

空间可展结构卷尺铰链的设计与分析

卷尺弹簧是形状类似钢卷尺的一种构件,是一种单层开口柱面壳。可以利用其壳体屈曲性能,设计和研制出一种铰链结构。这种铰链结构具有独特的力学性能,它可以利用折叠时积聚的弹性应变能实现结构的自动展开而不需要其它的动力装置;在展开之后,又能够靠自身的刚度提供大型可展结构所需的锁定力,而不需要另外加设锁定装置。这种铰链可用于大型航天可展结构中,如可展的太阳翼等。     

太阳帆技术综述

文章简要阐述了太阳帆的概念、主要结构和技术,参考美国L’Garde公司的太阳帆展开设计,对涉及的充气及刚化予以概述,为研究分析太阳帆的展开技术提供借鉴。     

太阳帆板地面展开的气动阻力数值仿真

为研究太阳帆板地面展开试验中气动阻力的影响,基于动网格技术提出了一种时变空气阻力计算方法。该方法采用CFD商业软件进行仿真计算,分析了三帆板地面低速展开的气动阻力影响。分析结果表明,该帆板在运动过程中所受的阻力较小,与工程设计的预估结果相近。     

临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机发展及关键技术

临近空间超长航时太阳能无人机是目前国际上研究的前沿方向,简述了目前国外临近空间太阳能无人机发展概况,梳理并分析了发展临近空间太阳能无人机亟待解决的关键技术,并对临近空间太阳能无人机的发展趋势进行了展望.     

The GPS measured SITEC caused by the very intense solar flare on July 14, 2000

This work studies the sudden increases in total electron content of the ionosphere caused by the very intense solar flare on July 14, 2000. Total electron content (TEC) data observed from a Global Positioning System (GPS) network are used to calculate the flare-induced TEC increment, δTEC_f, and variation rate, dTEC_f/dt. It is found that both dTEC_f/dt and δTEC_f are closely related with the solar zenith angles. To explain the observation results, we derived a simple relationship between the partial derivative of the flare-induced TEC, ∂TEC_f/∂t, which is a good approximation for dTEC_f/dt, and the solar zenith angle χ, as well as the effective flare radiation flux I_f, according to the well-known Chapman theory of ionization. The derived formula predicted that ∂TEC_f/∂t is proportional to I_f and inverse proportional to Chapman function ch(χ). This theoretical prediction not only explains the correlation of dTEC_f/dt and δTEC_f with χ as shown in our TEC observation, but also gives a way to deduce I_f from TEC observation of GPS network. Thus, the present work shows that GPS observation is a powerful tool in the observation and investigation of solar flare effects on the ionosphere, i.e., the sudden ionospheric disturbances, which is a significant phenomenon of space weather.