CCSDS空间网络互联协议发展及启示

空间互联网将是由各种区域网构成的复杂异构网络,为了使其能够逐步实现自动化运行,网络效益得到最大程度的发挥,须做好网络互联的顶层规划与设计,并开发具体的标准技术.根据近年CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)发布的建议书,以及相关工作组的项目规划情况,介绍了SSI(Solar System Internetwork,太阳系互联网)体系结构、IPoC(IP over CCSDS space links,在CCSDS空间链路之上承载IP),以及DTN(Delay Tolerant Networking,容延迟网络)等标准项目.从CCSDS空间网络互联技术的发展历程不难得出结论:我国未来空间网络互联应注重区域网之间互联的顶层设计;区域网内部各子网之间的互联技术应选择以航天任务需求牵引为主;DTN将在区域网之间互联以及区域网从简单到复杂发展中都发挥重要作用.     

基于双幂次趋近律的终端滑模舵机控制器设计

针对电动舵机系统的快响应鲁棒控制问题,提出了一种基于双幂次趋近律的全局非奇异终端滑模控制方法.首先,建立了舵机系统的数学模型,将气动干扰和摩擦建模为有界扰动;其次,根据系统模型构建非奇异终端滑模面,结合双幂次趋近律设计舵机控制器,从而保证滑模面的固定时间可达性,充分利用滑模控制方法的鲁棒性和不变性,并提高舵机系统的响应...     

二级摇摆伺服机构供电系统可靠性分析

某型二级摇摆伺服机构要求在地面热试车全过程中由试验台提供稳定可靠的直流电源,原二级摇摆伺服机构供电系统为单一的整流器供电模式,试验过程完全依赖市电进行转换,没有任何其他保障措施,可靠性受到很大影响.为此,提出2种供电方案,通过比较分析系统的可靠性和可能发生的故障,最终选择了整流器和电池组相配合的供电方式.试验测试性能结果表明：这种供电方式完全满足试车任务的需求并具有较高的可靠性.     

Short-Lived Radionuclides in Meteorites: Constraints on Nebular Timescales for the Production of Solids

Variations in the abundances of short-lived radionuclides such as ²⁶Al (τ_1/2 ≈ 0.74 Ma) and ⁵³Mn (τ_1/2 ≈ 3.7 Ma) in meteoritic solids may be used to infer relative formation intervals of these solids in the nebula at precisions of less than 1 Ma. In a strict chronometric interpretation of the isotopic variations, whereby criteria such as spatial and temporal isotopic homogeneity and closed system isotopic evolution are met, solid formation occurred in the nebula for at least several million years. This is longer than some theoretical and astronomical estimates for the duration of the active nebula. The evidence for live ⁴¹Ca (τ_1/2 ≈ 0.10 Ma) in meteoritic inclusions further indicates that the onset of solid formation occurred quite early, perhaps within a few hundred thousand years after the onset of the collapse of the sun's parent molecular cloud. Failure of the chronometric interpretation may arise for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to, the late, inhomogeneous injection of material from a nearby stellar source or the local production of short-lived radionuclides by an energetic particle irradiation, e. g., from T Tauri (X-wind) or galactic cosmic ray sources. Although some isotopic evidence exists that the criteria required for a strict chronometric interpretation are not met by each of the short-lived chronometers, there is no compelling reason to shorten the interval of solid formation in the nebula to less than 1 Ma. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

发挥员工最大潜能 迎接21世纪优质服务的挑战(英文)

每一个机构中，员工的潜能往往被经理们所低估。如何达到公司经营的最高目标及有效地面对剧烈竞争的工商业世界，我们一定要帮助员工在机构内发挥他们最大的潜能，最后使员工及顾客均满意。怎样了解及发挥员工的内在潜能是２１世纪最有效的员工管理策略，要使员工及顾客都满意，一定要知道怎样去激发员工最大潜能，并不断学习新的文化及有效地奖励员工。     

航天器供配电测试设备硬件模块化、软件配置化设计思路

目前我国各型号航天器地面供配电测试设备的互换性差,采用硬件模块化、软件配置化的设计思路,可以扩展系统硬件的使用范围、延长系统软件的生命周期,在某航天器的地面供配电测试设备研制中取得了较好的效果,这是对地面供配电测试设备通用化的有益尝试。     

Solar, geomagnetic and cosmic ray intensity changes, preceding the cyclone appearances around Mexico

Recently it has been suggested that there exist specific changes in the cosmic ray intensity and some solar and geomagnetic parameters during the days, preceding the hurricane appearances over the North Atlantic Ocean. To understand better these phenomena, data for all hurricanes born not only over the Atlantic but also over the Pacific waters in the last 55 years that hit the Mexican borders were elaborated. As basic hurricane parameters the maximum rotational velocity and the estimated total energy were used. To avoid any interference all hurricanes, overlapping the preceding ones with more than 20 days were not included. Then the behavior of the cosmic ray (CR) intensity, the sunspot (SS) numbers, and the geomagnetic parameters (AP) and (KP) in 35 days prior and 20 days after the cyclone start were investigated. The CR, SS, AP and KP showed much more intensive disturbances in the periods preceding and following the hurricane appearance. For SS this disturbance gradually increase with the hurricane strength. A characteristic peak in the CR intensity appears before the hurricane start. But its place varies between 5 and 20 days before that start. Specific changes were observed in the SS. For major hurricanes they begins sometimes more than 20 days in advance. The AP and the KP show series of bursts, spread over the whole period of 30 preceding days. The obtained results from the performed correlational analysis are enough interesting to motivate a further statistical analysis with more precise techniques: in particular a common periodicity of 30 years found in the number of tropical storms landing into Mexico, the averaged rotational wind velocity and the ACE must be studied in connection with the solar Hale cycle. Using coherence wavelet spectral analysis we present a comparative study between one terrestrial and one cosmophysical phenomena that presumable influence hurricanes development: African dust outbreaks versus cosmic rays for all North Atlantic tropical cyclones. It is shown that the cosmophysical influence cannot be considered as a negligible effect.     

On bandwidth of solar subsecond bursts in cm-range

The goal is to study parameters of drifting type III bursts, and find out the emission mechanism of these bursts and understand what factors affect instantaneous spectral bandwidth of these bursts.     

Estimation of Galactic Cosmic Ray exposure inside and outside the Earth’s magnetosphere during the recent solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

The evidently low solar activity observed between solar cycles 23 and 24 during the years 2008–2010 led to a substantial increase in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity in comparison with preceding solar minima. As the GCRs consist of highly-ionizing charged particles having the potential to cause biological damage, they are a subject of concern for manned missions to space. With the enhanced particle fluxes observed between 2008 and 2010, it is reasonable to assume that the radiation exposure from GCR must have also increased to unusually high levels. In this paper, the GCR exposure outside and inside the Earth’s magnetosphere is numerically calculated for time periods starting from 1970 to the end of 2011 in order to investigate the increase in dose levels during the years 2008–2010 in comparison with the last three solar minima. The dose rates were calculated in a water sphere, used as a surrogate for the human body, either unshielded or surrounded by aluminium shielding of 0.3, 10 or 40 g/cm².     

电力负荷管理与控制系统

在电力负荷管理系统硬件的设计与实现中，着重介绍系统的两个关键部件、并路器和多路转换器，对系统数据采集编程，除介绍编程方法，利用的资源等外，还提出了远程数据采集处理后和计算机局域网联接的方法，简易可靠的镜象拷贝方法，以及提高软件运行可靠性的措施等。所研究的系统已交付抚顺电业局使用，实际运行表明，性能稳定，工作可靠，达到了预期的指标要求。