一种变速风力机全风速范围发电策略

由于风力机系统复杂的机械阻尼和大惯量等强非线性因素的存在,增大了控制策略设计与实现的难度。同时,对于变速风力发电系统而言,风力机的转速控制器设计是实现发电控制策略的重要环节。本文首先分析了定桨距变速风力机全风速段的发电策略,针对传统方案所存在的问题,提出了新型的控制策略,该策略在不同运行状态之间的过渡过程迅速平滑,有效降低了系统的动态载荷;其次,基于现有的风力发电系统分析了定桨距风力机的小信号模型,推导了风力机系统的传递函数,并为转速控制环设计了P ID控制器;最后,通过仿真和实验,验证了全风速段发电策略的可行性和有效性。     

一种减小PFC变换器电容规格的方法

常规的由Boost和DC/DC变换器级联构成的两级式PFC变换器,在Boost电路输出端要接高耐压等级的电解电容作为储能电容,不仅体积大、价格高,而且寿命短,为此本文研究了一种低压输出的Boost/半桥组合式软开关谐振PFC变换器。该变换器利用半桥电路输出端的低压电解电容平衡瞬时功率,Boost电路输出端电容与变压器漏感谐振,并不大量储能,由此减小了Boost电路电容的规格,提高了工作可靠性。讨论了该变换器的控制策略,前后级共用一套控制电路,实现功率管的软开关和能量的传递。分析了降低电容容值的可行性,指出采用小容值非电解电容替代Boost电路输出端的大容量电解电容后,变换器具有良好的性能。给出了Boost和半桥电路输出端电容的设计方法,进行了实验验证。     

螺旋桨发动机飞机动力模拟试验的一种新方法

笔者从螺旋桨动力模拟试验中力矩和动力的双配平概念出发,介绍了一个新的模拟思路,改进了原来的试验方法.这个方法用一条目标曲线,几个螺旋桨桨叶角,模拟了飞机的10个飞行状态.方法简单,概念清楚.试验证明结果合理.     

逆变器数字化控制关键技术

研究并解决数字控制的时间量化和数值量化对基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的逆变电源系统性能的不良影响。首先通过优化采样方式,显著减小控制变量的采样延时;采用前馈校正技术对死区效应进行补偿,以降低输出电压的谐波含量。提出频率调节和相位调整相结合的思想,合理设计数字锁相环,提高锁相速度和精度。利用实时的中心值校正信号改进数字控制算法,有效地消除数字运算截断误差累积造成的输出变压器直流偏磁问题。理论分析与实验结果证实了这些控制策略的有效性和合理性。     

阶梯波合成整流器及其调制策略

提出了基于阶梯波合成结构的整流器,具有开关频率低、谐波含量小、滤波器体积小、输入功率因数和输出电压可控等优点,非常适合大功率应用场合.详细介绍了其工作原理.分析了输出电压调节方法,并提出采用具有特殊采样时序的错时采样空间矢量调制方法对其进行PWM调节,既保留了阶梯波合成技术的消谐波能力又使得交流侧合成电压的相位和幅值可调,以便于实现输入单位功率因数和输出直流电压的调节,最后通过实验验证了该阶梯波合成整流器的可行性.     

基于星座恢复法降低PAPR的性能分析

提出了一种新的降低峰均功率比(Peak-to-average ratio,PAPR)的方法——星座恢复法.在发送端采用软件削波限幅的方法来降低系统的峰均比,其系统结构简单、且可根据系统的要求灵活地改变PAPR值;在接收端根据调制信号的星座特性恢复出被限幅数据的实际值,从而减小了信号的畸变,提高了系统的误码性能.为了使星座恢复法更具实用性,对其算法进行了简化,从而大大地减少了系统的运算量.理论分析和仿真结果表明:与选择性映射法(Selective mapping,SLM)相比,基于星座恢复法的正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统,其误码性能得到了明显的改善,算法较简单,且无需额外信道来传送附加信息.     

广州地磁Z分量日变幅的谱特征

利用1972—1993年广州地磁资料，分析了Z分量日变幅的年平均、年变化和半年变化等低频成分的逐年变化，以及小于60天的短周期变化特征．同时对1972—1993年的F10.7日均值进行了谱分析．结果指出，广州地磁Z分量日变幅的年平均与太阳活动指数F10．7的年平均存在良好的线性相关；具有幅度大约5nT夏季极大的年变化，与太阳活动没有明显相关，是一种季节效应；存在春秋分极大的半年变化，幅度与太阳活动有关，高年的幅度明显大于低年；具有明显的与太阳自转相关的27天左右的变化和明显的与行星波有关的接近16日、10日、5日、2日等短周期变化．广州地磁Z分量日变幅的这些谱特征，有助于更深入地了解中低层大气对电离层影响的物理机制．     

混合动力电动车电池荷电状态描述方法

提出一种新的描述电池荷电状态的定义方法,主要针对MH/Ni动力电池,该电池通常意义下的额定容量为8?A·h,并应用在一种混合动力电动车中.混合动力电动车中动力电池的运行环境非常严酷,充放电倍率高,动态转换频繁.通常的电池荷电状态定义方法适合于稳定负载的情况下,在动态负载的情况下就会出现不适应性.原因是不能同时描述电池的静态和动态荷电状态.新定义方法提出静态荷电状态SSOC(Static State of Charge)和动态荷电状态DSOC(Dynamic State of Charge)的概念.静态荷电状态SSOC描述电池内部稳态的荷电量; 动态荷电状态DSOC描述电池充电或放电时,电池内部电荷的饱和程度.对上述定义的电化学原理进行了分析,并提出了初步的计算方法.     

Interplanetary shocks and sudden impulses during solar maximum (2000) and solar minimum (1995–1996)

In this work a study is performed on the correlation between fast forward interplanetary shock parameters at 1 Astronomical Unit and sudden impulse (SI) amplitudes in the H-component of the geomagnetic field, for periods of solar activity maximum (year 2000) and minimum (year 1995–1996). Solar wind temperature, density and speed, and total magnetic field, were taken to calculate the static pressures (thermal and magnetic) both in the upstream and downstream sides of the shocks. The variations of the solar wind parameters and pressures were then correlated with SI amplitudes. The solar wind speed variations presented good correlations with sudden impulses, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.70 both in solar maximum and solar minimum, whereas the solar wind density presented very low correlation. The parameter better correlated with SI was the square root dynamic pressure variation, showing a larger correlation during solar maximum (r = 0.82) than during solar minimum (r = 0.77). The correlations of SI with square root thermal and magnetic pressure were smaller than with the dynamic pressure, but they also present a good correlation, with r > 0.70 during both solar maximum and minimum. Multiple linear correlation analysis of SI in terms of the three pressure terms have shown that 78% and 85% of the variance in SI during solar maximum and minimum, respectively, are explained by the three pressure variations. Average sudden impulse amplitude was 25 nT during solar maximum and 21 nT during solar minimum, while average square root dynamic pressure variation is 1.20 and 0.86 nPa^1/2 during solar maximum and minimum, respectively. Thus on average, fast forward interplanetary shocks are 33% stronger during solar maximum than during solar minimum, and the magnetospheric SI response has amplitude 20% higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. A comparison with theoretical predictions (Tsyganenko’s model corrected by Earth’s induced currents) of the coefficient of sudden impulse change with solar wind dynamic pressure variation showed excellent agreement, with values around 17 nT/nPa^1/2.     

Research on a complex CME event including Hα, LASCO, radio and MDI observations

We present our research on a fast and decelerating partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) event detected in multi-wavelengths in the chromosphere and the corona on 14 October, 1999. The event involved a whole complex active area which spanned more than 40° of heliolongitude. It included a strong solar flare (XI/1N) and a complex eruptive filament within an active region of the entire complex. Especially, several radio sources were detected in the decimetric range prior to the CME by the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH). A linear force-free field extrapolation of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetogram was performed to calculate the magnetic topology of the complex prior to the triggering of the event. The presence of a coronal null point combined with the occurrence of two distant and nearly simultaneous radio sources put strong arguments in favor of the generalized breakout model for the triggering of the eruption. The analysis of the subsequent development of the event suggests that large interconnecting loops were ejected together with the CME.