Comparison of organ dose and dose equivalent for human phantoms of CAM vs. MAX

For the evaluation of organ dose and dose equivalent of astronauts on space shuttle and the International Space Station (ISS) missions, the CAMERA models of CAM (Computerized Anatomical Male) and CAF (Computerized Anatomical Female) of human tissue shielding have been implemented and used in radiation transport model calculations at NASA. One of new human geometry models to meet the “reference person” of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is based on detailed Voxel (volumetric and pixel) phantom models denoted for male and female as MAX (Male Adult voXel) and FAX (Female Adult voXel), respectively. We compared the CAM model predictions of organ doses to those of MAX model, since the MAX model represents the male adult body with much higher fidelity than the CAM model currently used at NASA. Directional body-shielding mass was evaluated for over 1500 target points of MAX for specified organs considered to be sensitive to the induction of stochastic effects. Radiation exposures to solar particle event (SPE), trapped protons, and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) were assessed at the specific sites in the MAX phantom by coupling space radiation transport models with the relevant body-shielding mass. The development of multiple-point body-shielding distributions at each organ made it possible to estimate the mean and variance of organ doses at the specific organ. For the estimate of doses to the blood forming organs (BFOs), data on active marrow distributions in adult were used to weight the bone marrow sites over the human body. The discrete number of target points of MAX organs resulted in a reduced organ dose and dose equivalent compared to the results of CAM organs especially for SPE, and should be further investigated. Differences of effective doses between the two approaches were found to be small (<5%) for GCR.     

Comparison of observed hmF2 and IRI 2007 model with M(3000)F2 estimation of hmF2 at low solar activity for an equatorial station

This is to investigate ways of improving the Equatorial F2-layer peak heights estimated from M(3000)F2 ionosonde data measured using the Ionospheric Prediction Service (IPS-42) sounder at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Latitude +12.4°N, Longitude +1.5°W, Dip latitude +5.9°N) during a low solar activity year (1995). For this purpose, we have compared the observed h_mF2 (h_mF2_obs) deduced using an algorithm from scaled virtual heights of quiet day ionograms and the predicted h_mF2 values which is given by the IRI 2007 model (h_mF2_{IRI 2007}) with the ionosonde measured M(3000)F2 estimation of the h_mF2 values (h_mF2_est) respectively. The correlation coefficients R² for all the seasons were found to range from 0.259 to 0.692 for h_mF2_obs values, while it ranges from 0.551 to 0.875 for the h_mF2_{IRI 2007} values. During the nighttime, estimated h_mF2 (h_mF2_est) was found to be positively correlated with the h_mF2_obs values by the post-sunset peak representation which is also represented by the h_mF2_{IRI 2007} values. We also investigated the validity of the h_mF2_est values by finding the percentage deviations when compared with the h_mF2_obs and h_mF2_{IRI 2007}.     

Analytical and numerical approaches of a solar array thermal analysis in a low-earth orbit satellite

This paper researches the thermal analysis of a fixed-type solar array in a low-earth orbit satellite through both an analytical method with a simplified thermal model and a numerical method with a detailed thermal model.     

准静态电磁热弹性体第二类H-R型广义变分原理

应用变积方法建立了准静态电磁热弹性体的势能原理和第二类H-R型广义变分原理,并检验了变分原理的正确性,为电磁热弹多场问题的近似计算提供理论基础。     

基于原子内聚力与表面能等效的内聚裂纹模型

 从非局部连续介质理论出发,采用一种新的理性力学方法对裂纹前缘内聚应力分布规律进行研究。首先,在内聚裂纹表面引入非局部应力边界条件,从而将内聚区内表面诱发张力(非局部表面残余)与内聚应力等价联系起来;然后,利用能量平衡关系,得到仅与表面能密度相关的I型裂纹内聚力新的本构方程。最后,在推导结果的基础上,计算一个具体的脆性断裂算例研究内聚区内表面能与内聚应力随裂纹张开位移(COD)变化的分布规律。由计算结果发现,裂纹尖端应力奇异性消除,且应力最大值不一定出现在裂纹尖端,而是发生在裂纹尖端周围的内聚区内。     

冗余飞轮构型下力矩分配策略设计与分析

 主要研究了航天器姿控系统中冗余飞轮构型的力矩分配问题。在阐明该问题的基础上,首先给出了能量最优的力矩分配策略,并考虑飞轮力矩约束对其进行了限幅处理;接着基于静态最优化理论和飞轮系统性质,对四飞轮和多飞轮情况分别设计了相应的力矩最优分配策略,由于可有效地输出飞轮系的最大力矩,其有重要的工程应用价值;最后研究并对比了几种典型构型下两种分配策略所能输出的力矩包络,表明了所设计方法的有效性。     

导弹协同作战四维制导控制研究

提出了具有三个剖面的导弹协同作战四维制导控制构架。以BTT控制形式的导弹为例进行了四维制导控制方法研究。在分析总能量控制理论的基础上,设计了适于具有过载自动驾驶仪内回路的BTT导弹的速度/高度解耦控制器,实现了四维制导构架中速度和高度剖面的解耦,最后进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,四维制导控制器能够根据任务规划系统的指令控制导弹实现协同作战。     

TC21-0.28%H钛合金微观组织及其高温变形行为研究

利用光学金相及X射线衍射,研究了TC21-0.28%H(质量分数,下同)钛合金的组织结构,通过热模拟压缩实验,研究了TC21-0.28%H钛合金在800～920℃温度范围和0.01～1s-1应变速率范围的高温变形行为,建立了钛合金高温变形本构方程。结果显示,与TC21钛合金相比,TC21-0.28%H钛合金β相比例显著增加,并且有新相马氏体α″与氢化物δ生成,TC21-0.28%H钛合金在α+β相区与β相区的变形激活能分别为233kJ/mol与153kJ/mol,软化机制为动态回复,与TC21钛合金相比,TC21-0.28%H钛合金变形激活能降低,热加工性能得到改善。     

气动执行器的全生命周期成本分析

分析了气动执行器的能耗特点,结合空气消耗量和比能量概念,提出了一种气动执行器的能耗计算方法.为解决公用气动设备的购置成本划分问题,提出了一种用气设备成本均分法.结合生命周期成本的概念,建立了气动执行器基于用户的全生命周期成本模型(LCCBOU,Life-Cycle Costing Based On Users),进行了实例验证.该模型不仅适用于气动执行器的全生命周期成本分析,也适用于其它用气设备的成本分析.结果表明:用气设备成本均分法实现了气动系统成本的合理划分;气动执行器的LCCBOU模型通过了实例验证,并发现通过空压机的实时监控和气动系统的泄漏测量,LCCBOU模型结果能够做到更精确.      

Advance of interplanetary physics study in China: 2008—2010

Interplanetary physics study is an important ingredient in space weather research. Considerable progress this aspect has been achieved by the space physics community of China in recent years. This brief report summarizes the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2008--2010. This report includes solar corona and solar wind, interplanetary transients, energetic particles, MHD simulation, space plasma, and prediction methods for physical phenomena originating from both solar corona and interplanetary space.