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本文建立一个数值模拟完全气体混合流动的理论模型.该模型首先应用混合气体的Euler方程和每种气体组分的质量分数方程来控制流动.为了消除混合网格内气体组分界面附近出现的非物理振荡,我们假定混合气体的每种组分达到了动力学平衡状态然而尚未达到热力学平衡状态.这种思想导致需要另外给定每种气体组分的总能量方程.为使用高分辨格式来求解这组双曲型偏微分方程并且简化对所需要的Jacobi矩阵的推导,混合气体的压力方程也被耦合起来.Godunov型的波传播方法被采用来离散求解所获得的控制方程.从典型算例结果来看,一维问题的数值解与精确解一致,二维问题的数值解与理论分析一致.这说明本文的理论模型是合理的. 相似文献
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翼刀技术是附面层控制技术的一种,主要是通过有效阻断端壁附面层或叶片吸力面附面层近端壁处低能流体的横向迁移或径向迁移以及反向翼刀涡的影响来控制二次流。国外对此项研究起步较早,重点集中在对汽轮机叶栅的实验研究上;而国内在近几年,才开始了对压气机叶栅中应用翼刀技术的实验和计算研究工作。 相似文献
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航天飞机末端区域能量管理段制导技术概述 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
末端区域能量管理段主要是控制航天飞机的动能和势能.使航天飞机最终达到进场着陆段的初始要求,以保证其最终成功着陆。在最终制导系统引入一个能量基准剖面,通过调整飞行距离、动压或速度制动使航天飞机达到标准的能量状态。将末端区域能量管理段划分为四个飞行段,并对这四个飞行段的基本设计思想、制导技术及过程进行了研究。经过实际的航天飞机飞行验证.证明这种方案具有良好的制导效果。 相似文献
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Yuri N. Kulikov Helmut Lammer Herbert I. M. Lichtenegger Thomas Penz Doris Breuer Tilman Spohn Rickard Lundin Helfried K. Biernat 《Space Science Reviews》2007,129(1-3):207-243
Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation,
heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary
atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect
of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun
arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal
balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic
chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO2, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures
obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen
and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H2, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO2, N2 and H2O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various
non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian
magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease
the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost
its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the
young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations
for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount
of ∼250 bar of O+ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial
ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×1024 g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and
compare our findings with the results of preceding studies. 相似文献
99.
V. S. Heber R. C. Wiens D. B. Reisenfeld J. H. Allton H. Baur D. S. Burnett C. T. Olinger U. Wiechert R. Wieler 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):309-316
The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen
isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This
fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory
simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration
process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along
the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing 20Ne/22Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome
these disagreements. 相似文献
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