形状记忆合金智能结构的主动振动抑制研究

 从形状记忆合金 (SMA)智能结构用于主动振动抑制的构想出发,建立了含SMA非线性本构关系的智能复合材料结构的有限元模型,并结合试验验证了主动振动抑制的效果。试验和计算结果都表明SMA是振动抑制的有效驱动器,通过主动应变能调整 (ASET)的方法对结构固有频率的影响非常显著,这种影响主要体现在基频 (一阶固有频率 )的改变上,对高阶固有频率的影响逐渐减小。     

基于多体系统动力学的旋翼桨叶响应计算方法

在中等变形梁的基础上引入增广转换矩阵,为解决桨叶动能项推导编程计算较为复杂的问题,建立了一种新的递推计算方法。该方法在原有的转换矩阵基础上进行了增广,建立了相邻运动坐标系间动能项引起的质量、阻尼、刚度和广义力递推计算方法。以法国SA349/2小羚羊直升机的试飞测试数据为依据,验证了方法的有效性。     

A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Active Young Sun on the Early Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars

Because the solar radiation and particle environment plays a major role in all atmospheric processes such as ionization, dissociation, heating of the upper atmospheres, and thermal and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes, the long-time evolution of planetary atmospheres and their water inventories can only be understood within the context of the evolving Sun. We compare the effect of solar induced X-ray and EUV (XUV) heating on the upper atmospheres of Earth, Venus and Mars since the time when the Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence (ZAMS) about 4.6 Gyr ago. We apply a diffusive-gravitational equilibrium and thermal balance model for studying heating of the early thermospheres by photodissociation and ionization processes, due to exothermic chemical reactions and cooling by IR-radiating molecules like CO₂, NO, OH, etc. Our model simulations result in extended thermospheres for early Earth, Venus and Mars. The exospheric temperatures obtained for all the three planets during this time period lead to diffusion-limited hydrodynamic escape of atomic hydrogen and high Jeans’ escape rates for heavier species like H₂, He, C, N, O, etc. The duration of this blow-off phase for atomic hydrogen depends essentially on the mixing ratios of CO₂, N₂ and H₂O in the atmospheres and could last from ∼100 to several hundred million years. Furthermore, we study the efficiency of various non-thermal atmospheric loss processes on Venus and Mars and investigate the possible protecting effect of the early martian magnetosphere against solar wind induced ion pick up erosion. We find that the early martian magnetic field could decrease the ion-related non-thermal escape rates by a great amount. It is possible that non-magnetized early Mars could have lost its whole atmosphere due to the combined effect of its extended upper atmosphere and a dense solar wind plasma flow of the young Sun during about 200 Myr after the Sun arrived at the ZAMS. Depending on the solar wind parameters, our model simulations for early Venus show that ion pick up by strong solar wind from a non-magnetized planet could erode up to an equivalent amount of ∼250 bar of O⁺ ions during the first several hundred million years. This accumulated loss corresponds to an equivalent mass of ∼1 terrestrial ocean (TO (1 TO ∼1.39×10²⁴ g or expressed as partial pressure, about 265 bar, which corresponds to ∼2900 m average depth)). Finally, we discuss and compare our findings with the results of preceding studies.     

The Genesis Solar Wind Concentrator Target: Mass Fractionation Characterised by Neon Isotopes

The concentrator on Genesis provided samples of increased fluences of solar wind ions for precise determination of the oxygen isotopic composition. The concentration process caused mass fractionation as a function of the radial target position. This fractionation was measured using Ne released by UV laser ablation and compared with modelled Ne data, obtained from ion-trajectory simulations. Measured data show that the concentrator performed as expected and indicate a radially symmetric concentration process. Measured concentration factors are up to ∼30 at the target centre. The total range of isotopic fractionation along the target radius is 3.8%/amu, with monotonically decreasing ²⁰Ne/²²Ne towards the centre, which differs from model predictions. We discuss potential reasons and propose future attempts to overcome these disagreements.     

圆管内表面周向三维裂纹应力强度因子的新解法

对圆管内表面周向三维裂纹应力强度因子的求解,发展了传统的能量差率方法,同时研究了新兴的双重边界元理论,并运用这两种新解法,分别获得了关于裂纹张开位移的伯努利方程的半数值半工程封闭解和基于非连续裂尖奇异单元离散的应力强度因子数值解。并讨论了应力强度因子与裂纹形状a/c及裂纹深度a的关系,两者比较分析发现,其计算结果规律是一致的,且能量差率方法更保守,也更安全。     

振动能量流的测量不确定度评定

介绍了管壁振动能量流的测试方法和不确定度来源,并进行了详细的分析和评定.     

航天器太阳电池阵驱动装置的新进展

通常长寿命三轴稳定卫星都采用帆板式太阳电池阵进行能源供应,并使用太阳电池阵驱动装置使电池阵对日定向。国际上从20世纪60年代开始,不断开发研制太阳电池阵驱动装置,以满足在大功率、小型化、适应恶劣环境等方面的特殊需求,经过几代的发展,取得了长足的进步。根据国内收集的相关信息和资料,通过介绍国际该领域的发展及对应需求的典型产品,尝试分析该领域中相应的应用、研究的重点及发展的方向。     

基于成分的燃烧室出口燃气温度计算方法

针对燃烧室不同温度下燃气组成的不同,提出建立不同燃气模型以推算燃气温度的两种计算方法。基于物质守恒、化学平衡和能量守恒原理建立温度计算方程,根据能量守恒方程的不同表达形式给出平均比定压热容法和焓值法,同时给出两种求解非线性方程组的数学解法:三变量迭代法和牛顿法,并采用VB(Visual Basic)编制燃气分析测试程序实现温度算法。列举计算实例比较两种算法的区别,结果显示:随着油气比的增加,两种计算方法得到的燃气温度相差越大,考虑热离解的高温算法结果更小,原因在于燃气中离解组分的摩尔分数随着温度升高而增加,燃烧实际放热量减小,导致燃气温度减小,所以当燃气温度较高时建议采用高温算法更符合实际燃烧情况。      

当量比对连续旋转爆轰燃烧室特性的影响

为了探究当量比对甲烷-空气连续旋转爆轰燃烧室（CRDC）特性的影响,利用二维可压缩欧拉方程对CRDC进行了数值研究,分析了爆轰波的发展过程和贫燃熄火过程,对比了不同工况下CRDC特性参数的变化情况。结果表明:CRDC起爆后燃烧场在由不稳定状态到相对稳定状态的过程中发生了2次碰撞,当进气当量比较低时,CRDC未能完全发生2次碰撞过程就已经熄爆。随着进气当量比的降低,爆轰波传播速度、轴向平均速度、出口平均温度、出口平均总压均呈下降趋势;增压比随当量比降低而减小的根本原因在于旋转爆轰燃烧过程和等压燃烧过程的熵增差减小,使吉布斯自由能增量差减小。CRDC的燃料驻留时间处于亚毫秒量级,燃烧热效率保持在99%以上。      

基于mSDTFT的无速度传感器异步电机转速估计

采用Teager-Kaiser能量算子对定子电流进行解调,有效消除了基频频谱泄露对提取转子速度谐波的影响,然后分析了SDTFT对转速估计精度的影响,在此基础上提出一种新的mSDTFT频谱分析方法估计转速。该方法有效降低了计算开销,特别是可以只针对某些需要的谱线进行计算,提高了谱分析的灵活性和高效性。试验结果表明,所提方法在不同负载条件下能够有效提取转子速度谐波,且具有较高的转速估计精度。